mutual bow
In Japan, mutual bow is largely determined by rank: the social inferior bows first lowest, and longest, and the superior decides when to stop bowing. It may involve several repeats, and the angle at which the trunk of human body moves downward from vertical position is of great importance.
• E.g. nod as saying "yes“; place one’s finger to his lips “Let’s be quiet”
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Complementing 补充
• Nonverbal communication cues can add to or complement a verbal message.
African American women
less smile
(2)dominant members
less smile, poker face
Touch
Height
Smile
Gaze
Bow
In Japan, people commonly greet each other by bowing instead of handshaking.
Americans like sitting with one ankle on the other knee; In some Latin and Asian countries, you can cross your legs but not put your ankle on your knee; In Ghana and in Turkey, it is extremely offensive.
social status or age of the person
If the person is higher status or older than you are, it's common to bow deeper and longer, showing respect.
Sit
Many countries in Latin America, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East are different from America, such as Germany and Sweden, where people are expected to sit erect.
Subcultures of Eye Contact
White American adults teach their children “look at me when I talk to you” Black mother admonish their children “Don’t look at me in tone of voice!”
In Syria women must not cross their legs at all in public, though men can.
In Peru, man can place the ankle on knee, but women must cross their entire legs at the knee
Handshake
England
r East and parts of Africa
√
×
Parts of Europe,Latin America,the Middle East
Touch
Touch-----
e.g. (as a gesture of comfort) doctor to patient Same-sex dyads: women VS men
People often sit with feet on chairs or even desks. They sometimes sit with their backsides on tables and desks as a way of expressing their individuality or carefree attitude.
5 degree
15 Degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
silent smile
Japanese do not normally evince any significant emotion through public facial display. The most commonly observed expressions are either a placid , unrevealing countenance(面部 表情) or a nondescript smile, whose actual meaning or intent may be totally indecipherable(难懂的) For Japanese don't like to express their feelings.they tend to think to express their feelings is shameful. If foreigners know their weak points, they think as if they are weaker than them. So they smile to cover their shame and awkward questions.
Touch
Height
Smile
Gaze
Height
Height-----power
Women taller than men Men taller than women
Touch
Height
Smile
Gaze
Smile
Smile-----
(1)white female others
admonished to smile,please
e.g. At an Egyptian university, a British professor was
denounced because he revealed the sole of his foot
silent smile mutual bow Japanese nonverbal behavior
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Functions of Nonverbal
Communication
• • • • • •
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Repeating Complementing Substituting Regulating Contradicting Accenting
Repeating 重复
• People use nonverbal communication to repeat, clarify, and emphasize their point of views.
Highest Respect Bow最敬礼, 45 degrees
This is the bow you should be used to apologize, because it shows the most amount of respect (or regret) possible (at least, until you get on your knees)
hand gestures
Hand gestures
Englishmen are stingy(吝啬的)about their hand movements
Italians are great hand movers. so are Russians and Latin Americans
Italians hand gestures
You could probably do a little more than 30 degrees if you wanted to, too. You wouldn’t use this bow with good friends or relatives
5 degree 15 Degrees 30 degrees 45 degrees
Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless cues between people
It is sometimes mistakenly referred to as body language, but nonverbal communication encompasses much more, such as voice, touch, facial expression
It is a very severe insult in many Muslim countries to put the ankle on the knee. Because when you do so, one foot or the sole of the shoe is usually pointing at someone.
5 degree
15 Degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
Greeting Bow, Eshaku (会釈), 15 Degrees