Pun 双关
Thank you!
Examples:
(1) A bicycle can’t stand on its own because it’s twotyred. 这句话的表面意思是:自行车自己站不起来,因为它只有 两个轮胎(two-tyred)。而这句话的另外一个意思是:这 辆自行车被它的主人骑了很长时间,它现在太累了(too tired)。
一个士兵和一个年轻姑娘的区别是什么? 一个往脸上抹粉,一个面对火药。
(三)谜语 1.What is black and white and red all over. 谜底是newspaper 。 black 和white 是表示颜色,而谜语中的red (read)则是 read的过去分词,与红颜色(red)发音相同。巧妙的同音 而不同义,构成了谜语。 2.What is that which, though black itself, enlightens the world? 谜底是:ink. Enlighten字面的意思 是:“照亮”,其内涵是“给人以 智慧或启迪”。墨水(ink)自身乌黑但它却照亮了世界。 3. What weather does mice most dislike? --When it is raining cats and dogs. "Cats and dogs"是倾盆大雨的意思。
用一个词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同的联想,或 者用两个或两个以上发音相同或相近而意义不同的词,以产生 一种幽默效果。
在一定的语言环境中,利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使 语句具有双重意义,言在此而意在彼,这种修辞手法叫做双 关。
The major types of pun
Generally speaking, pun can be divided into phonetic pun(谐音双关)and semantic pun(意义 双关). Phonetic pun can be further divided into homophonic pun(同音双关) and paronomastic pun (近音双关).
Examples:
(2) Then there was the man in the restaurant. “You’re not eating your fish”, the waitress said to him. “Anything wrong with it ?” “Long time no see ”, the man replied. see → sea Long time no see 是朋友之间见面时的问候语,意为“好久 不见”。在这则小幽默中, 这位男士利用sea 与see 的读音 相同构成谐音双关,既巧妙地回答了女侍者的问题,“Long time no sea”即这条鱼离开大海很久了,已经不新鲜了;又 含蓄地指责了这家饭店对顾客不负责的态度。
七天不喝水,虚的拉不动腿。
Paronomastic pun 近音双关
Examples: 1. Trust us over 5000 years of experience. year → ear 2. Drunken drivers often put the quart before the hearse. put the quart before the hearse: put the cart before the horse 3. You will go nuts for the nuts you get in Nux. nuts: be enthusiastic about sth nuts: plural form of the noun nut
3. To enrich the language by increasing the information
4. To heighten the sarcastic effect
双关语的语义范围
双关语为世界各国人民所喜爱和使用。在汉语中,双关语的例证比比 皆是。
双关语既可用于故事、笑话、谜语、儿歌等,又可以用于正式场合, 表达严肃的思想和深邃的感情。
Examples:
A deal with us means a good deal to you. 和我们做买卖意味着您做了一笔好买卖 该句的妙处在于很好地利用了句中deal的三种含义, “做买卖”、“一笔好买卖”和“许多”。a good deal构成一个绝妙的双关。 Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana. 这句话乍一看,好象是说:时光像箭一样飞逝, 水果像香蕉一样飞逝。其实这句话后半部分的真 正意思是:果蝇喜欢吃香蕉,也就是fruit flies/like/a banana。
Pun 双关
Definition:
The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different association , or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings , so as to produce a humorous effect . (Oxford English Dictionary )
The functions of puns
1. To make the language more vivid, humorous and impressive. 2. To make the language more persuasive (advertisements) A deal with us means a great deal to you.
(一)广告 Give your hair a touch of Spring. 给你的头发洒满春色,让你的头发富有弹性。 (二)笑话 What’s the difference between a soldier and a young girl?
One powders the face ,the other faces the powder.
Phonetic pun
谐音双关是将两个语义本无联系的同音或近音异形异义 词,天衣无缝地安排在句子中,使之产生语义上的双关 (叶富莲,1994) 。它是人们常用来表达幽默的语言形式。 虽然谐音双关在习语中的运用没有词义双关那么普遍, 但它也具有自己的特色,为习语语言增添了不少色彩。
Homophonic puns 同音双关
4. He drove his expensive car into a tree and found out how the Mercedes bends. 他违章超速驾驶,结果将昂贵的名车撞到树上,他终于看 到他的奔驰车(Mercedes)是怎样撞弯(bends)的。这 句话的幽默之处是将Mercedes Benz(奔驰车)中的Benz, 故意改写成bends。 5. Money makes the mayor ( mare ) go. 有钱能使母马走(有钱能使鬼推磨)。
Examples:
3.On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday prey on you. 星期天他们为你祈祷,星期一他们却向你榨取。 该句巧借pray(祈祷)和prey(掠夺)谐音构成双关,讽刺 了西方一些人貌似虔诚信教,实则掠夺他人的丑恶灵 魂。 4.Seven days without water makes one weak (week).
Chinese Examples:
外甥打灯笼——照旧(舅) 拉虾子过河——谦虚过度(牵须过渡) 小葱拌豆腐——一清(青)二白 咸菜煎豆腐——有言(盐)在先 精装茅台——好久(酒)
老太太靠墙吃稀饭--卑鄙(背壁)
Semantic pun(意义双关)
语义双关是利用某个词语的多义性在特定环境下形成的双 关,在字面上只有一个词语,而实际上同时关顾着两种不 同的意义,言在此而意在彼,从而造成一种含蓄,深沉委 婉,耐人寻味的意境,增强了语言的表达效果。这种双关 与谐音双关有异曲同工之妙,在广告中也得到广泛运用。
Examples:
Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong, but little sense of right and left.
What do lawyers do when they die?
— Lie still.
Байду номын сангаас
The driver is safer when the road is dry: The road is safer when the driver is dry. 道路不沾水,司机更安全; 司机不沾酒, 道路更安全。