笔记符号一．图形符号□State, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal△City, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal▽Village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas°右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、机构^ 领导，监督；顶点，顶级，最Lead, supervise, head, peak, top, supreme, utmost, maximum,climax△°Citizen, urban residents, urban inhabitants▽°Farmer, peasant, rancher, agriculturistUniversal, worldwide, international, transnational, global,transcontinental, all over the world, across bounderies□ s 多国，其他国家 other countries□ e 国民经济 national economyDomestic, native, internal, interior, at homeForeign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyondseas, in ther foreign landIn and out of the country, at home and abroad进口出口进出口飞°飞行员飞。

飞机场中°中国人广。

广场e°经济学家e。

经济实体 economic entityf。

金融机构 financial institution^°Boss, leader, chairman, ruler, chief, manager, president, majesty, governor, director, supervisor, monitor□^°国家领导人，政府首脑 state leader宏观调控 macro-control首都 capital city1.重要Important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital,eventful, principal, core, of greatimportance/significance/consequence2.杰出Great, well-known, outstanding, remarkable, excellent, perfect,brilliant, distinguished, notable, eminent, promising, prominent,prestigious, glorious, noteworthy3.主要Main, chief, primary, major, dominant, overwhelming4.精彩Wonderful, terrific, splendid, fantastic, marvelous5.强调Emphasize, focus, underline, underscore, stress, highlight,spotlight, accentuate, focus on, lay emphasis/stress on,attach importance to, pay attention toThe most important1.特点，特色，特征Mark, feature, characteristic, symbol, sign, specialty, peculiarity,*attribute2.代表Represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of1.整体，全部，总共Whole, all, total, entire, complete, overall, general, universal,〇integral, gross, intact, on the whole, all in all2.团结，统一，团聚United, unification, gather, get together〇□ s所有国家主权和领土完整Sovereignty and territorial integrity会议⊙Meeting, forum, session, seminar, conference, symposium,committee, association, parliament, council峰会1.关联Link to, connect with, relate to, associate with∽ 2.替代Replace, displace, supplant, substitute, instead of, take theplace of∞⊕1.交流，交换Exchange, interact, communicate2.关系Interaction, relation, relationship双边关系bilateral relationship多边关系multilateral relationship举杯，协议Toast, agreement, treaty, contract, convention, revolution双边协议Bilateral agreement多边协议Multilateral agreement发展 develop, development发达的 developed发展中的developing1.开始Begin, start, initiate, open, originate, launch, pioneer, commence, inaugurate2.形成，产生，出现Establish, found, create, appear, emerge, occur, come out,break out, come into being/existence3.医疗卫生Red Cross, hospital, medical care, medical institution禁止，结束End, conclude, complete, cease, stop, close, terminate, expire, halt, over, pause, turn off, switch off, break up, make an end of, bring to and end, bring to a conclusion道路，方法Method, way, road, means, measure, approach, manner, access, route, mode, by means/ways of1.歪曲Twist, distortion of fact2.困难，挫折Difficulty, hardship, trouble, painful, tough, frustration, setback远far away近台阶，进步Step by step, progress, advance, make progress过去，历史昨天上个月去年前所未有的unprecedented很久以前long before未来，将要in the future改变，变化Change, transform果实，成果Fruit, result, accomplishment, achievement1.（使）消失，废除Delete, exclude, dismiss, erase, disappear, vanish, extinct,remove, abolish, get rid of, wipe out2.破坏，推翻，剥夺Destroy, ruin, collapse, overthrow, deprive3.抛弃Abandon, desert, discard4.倒闭，下岗Bankrupt, layoff, resign, retire5.死亡，已故的Kill, murder, die, pass away, the late6.解决，达到，实现Overcome, settle, solve, address, realize, achieve, accomplish, fulfill二．人体行为符号Smile, happy, glad, pleased, excited, in a good moodUnhappy, sad, unsatisfied, angry, in a bad mood说: Tell, state, announce, express, claim, address, declare, argue, vow, explain, introduce, report开：开罗宣言 Cairo Manifesto√：赞扬 speak highly of, praise×：批评 criticize⋯：众说纷纭，若干说法Various opinions1. 听 listen to2. 开放 be open to改革开放爱，关心Love, concern, care about 吓唬，威胁Scare, threaten1. 来 come←2. 收到 receive3. 需要，缺少 need, require, want, be short of4. 邀请，应邀 invite, on invitation愿意接受accept with pleasure←1.卖 sell2.获利 make profit1.去，到go→2.引起，导致result to, lead to1.买 buy2.投资 invest增加，上升，完善，繁荣Increase, heritage, enhance, grow, lift, soar, rise, raise, elevate,↑ascend, flourish, advance, update, improve, prosperity, boost,give boost to, go up减少，降低，贬值Decrease, decline, reduce, descend, diminish, fall, drop, sink, lower, ↓relieve, weaken, lessen, deteriorate, devalue, degrade, depreciate,discount, go down, fall off推动，促进，有助于Promote, strengthen, encourage, stimulate, facilitate, reinforce,strive, push, urge, stir, force, accelerate, drive, prompt, propel,give impetus to, carry forward阻碍，推迟Obstacle, postpone, delay, restrain, withdraw, discourage, curb,hamper, bar, encumber, hold back冲突，矛盾，分歧，争议→←Conflict, contradiction, difference, dispute越来越增长Increasing, growing, more and more越来越大↗Bigger and bigger越来越多More and more压力，影响Pressure, burden, load, stress, impact, influence, effect, affect,exert influence on, have effect on迄今为止So far, up to now, till now四．标点符号1. 多Numerous, countless, enormous, abundant, various, mass,uncountable, innumerable, considerable, substantial, a series of ⋯ 2. 持续，继续，一直Last, continue, remain, maintain, persist, still, continous,everlasting, eternal, permanent, constant, frequent, always,endless, all along, keep on , go on1. 问题，疑问Question, problem, perplexity, issue, puzzle, mystery, ask,inquiry, query, interrogate, confused, bewildered2.所有疑问句以？开头做记录%百分比percent“”引用理论、名言等“邓邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping theories《》书《红楼梦》《红 A Dream in Red MansionsA Story of the Stones由⋯⋯组成，包括，容纳（）Contain, comprise, cover, include, enclose, involve, embrace, be made up of, consist of五．数字符号∵因为，由于，幸亏Because, due to, thanks to∴所以，因此，结果是So, therefore, that is why..., consequently—减去，负增长Minus÷除了 except1. 相同，一致 the same as= 2. 公平 fair, equal, justice3.比作 compare...to...4.符合 be consistent with, be in agreement with, comply with ≡稳定stablize等于说，也就是说=：That’sto say, in other words≠不赞同，不平等，有差距，不符合Disagree, unfair, difference, disparity≠fact 不符合事实Not comply with the fact≈大概1. 大于，超过＞Surpass, exceed, more than, superior to2. 供过于求 supply exceeds demand＞热过热 overheated1. 少于，低于＜Less than, inferior to2. 供不应求 demand exceeds supply∑总和 sum∈属于 belong to×错的，不好的，负面的Wrong, mistake, fault, bad, negative, notorious×ba 不称霸 not seek hegemony1. 对的，好的，积极的Correct, good, positive, affirmative√2. 支持，善于，有利于Support, be good at, in the interest of 3. 认可，批准Endorse, ratify, confirm, approve六．中文（一）中文字文文化，文学，文明Culture, literature, civilization中中国 People’sRepublic of China 立立场 position市市场 market力力量，能力，权力Power, strength, force, ability, capability儿儿童 childrenBig, huge, great, vast, giant, tremendous, immense, spacious, 大extensive, massive, capacious（二）偏旁部首学习 study, learn宀忄纟廴扌饣饣。