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多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染治疗_图文


抗菌药物对产ESBLs菌抗菌活性
➢ 8% 2
➢ 18% 4
3.0 Q12h
3.0 Q8h
➢ 30% 8 ➢ 17% 16 ➢ 15% 32
➢ 2% 64
➢ 10% 耐药
头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(2:1) PK/PD研究
血 浆 浓 度 ( mg/L)
200
180
CPZ
160
140
SUL
120
100
80
60
肠杆菌科细菌
临床关注的主要-内酰胺酶
•超广谱-内酰胺酶(ESBLs) •高产头孢菌素酶(AmpC酶)
MDR
•极少数菌株产碳青霉烯酶 (碳青霉烯酶KPC)
XDR or PDR
产ESBLs菌株血行感染死亡率显著增加(Meta 分析)
❖ 产ESBLs菌株与不 产ESBLs菌株血行 感染死亡率比较的 Meta分析
包括16个研究 产ESBLs菌株
菌血症死亡率 显著增加
(pooled RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.39–2.47, P < 0.001)
Mortality and delay in effective therapy associated with extended-spectrum blactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2007) 60, 913–920
❖ Antibiotic-resistant organisms are more commonly associated with inappropriate therapy
40
30
Inappropriate
treatment 20(%)Fra bibliotek100
Pseudomonas S. aureus Acinetobacter Other
ATS/IDSA Guidelines. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:388-416.
Does Inappropriate Therapy Result From Antibiotic Resistance?
❖ Inappropriate therapy is more likely if antibiotic resistance is present
体外药效 MIC
药效学
感染部位浓度
病原菌 PK/PD
结果
临床疗效 细菌清除 耐药性
-内酰胺类: 优化药物暴露时间
❖ PK/PD靶值:疗效最大化所需要的 %T>MIC 头孢菌素类60%–70% 青霉素类50% 碳青霉烯类 40% 40~50%→临床疗效:85%以上 60~70% →最佳细菌学疗效
Drusano GL. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(suppl 1):S42-S50.
pathophysiology) 高龄/儿童/孕妇/哺乳(advanced age/children/pregnant
women/breast feeding) 肾功能不全/肝功能不全/肝肾功能联合不全(renal/heptic dysfunction/combined)
产ESBLs菌株亚胺培南MIC分布
美罗培南和亚胺培南的血浆浓度(1g)
(常规剂量:0.5 Q6H;最少剂量: 0.5 Q8H)
T>MICs 40%以上
Dreetz M et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:105-109.
MIC90 亚胺培南
美罗培南
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
时间(h)
耐多药非发酵菌感染的HAP患者连续静脉滴注舒普深3g,q8h稳态 时药时曲线
MIC:32mg/L
MIC:64mg/L MIC:16mg/L
8
经验性抗感染-合理选择药物
-considerations in choosing antibiotic for empiric therapy
❖ 选择哪种抗菌药物(which antibiotic?) 感染部位的常见病原学(possible pathogens on site of infection) 选择能够覆盖病原体的抗感染药物(antibiotics requirement) -抗菌谱/组织穿透性/耐药性/安全性/费用
❖ 考虑药代动力学/药效动力学(PK/PD) ❖ 考虑病人生理和病理生理状态( physiologic and
treatment
Avoid unnecessary antibiotics
A balancing act
Improving the Probability of Positive Outcomes
❖ Appropriate therapy Matches antibiotic sensitivities of the organism to the antibiotic used
❖ ADEQUATE therapy Choose an appropriate initial antibiotic therapy Use optimal dosing (PD profiling) Select correct route of administration to ensure antibiotic penetration at site of infection Use combination therapy, if necessary
aeruginosa
spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Adapted from Kollef MH. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(suppl 4):S131–S138.
优化抗菌治疗的重要理论依据是药动学/药 效学(PK/PD)研究的成果
以血浓度代表
药动学 (ADME) 药物
多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染与治疗
细菌感染性疾病治疗
❖经验性治疗:根据病史、症状、体征
及实验室检查,得出初步诊断,评估可 能病原体和耐药性后,病情评估后使用 抗菌药物。
❖目标治疗:感染部位、病原菌及药敏
已明确,有针对性的使用抗菌药物。
Antibiotic treatment
Appropriate initial antibiotic
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