Exercise 1: Match the definitions
below to one of the terms







i) Short summary (100–200 words) of the writer’s purpose and findings (......) ii) Section where various people who assisted the writer are thanked (......) iii) Final part where extra data, too detailed for the main text, are stored (......) iv) List of all the books that the writer has consulted (......) v) Section looking at a particular example, relevant to the main topic (......) vi) Introductory part of the book which may give the writer’s motives (......) vii) Alphabetical list of all topics in the text (......)
2.2 Outline of a … thesis/dissertation



Title Author(s), address the Abstract key words the Introduction the Literature Review the methodology and results
2. Standard format of an academic paper

3. Title 4. Authorship 5. Abstract
1. Types of academic paper

Below are the most common types of written work produced or used by students.
Hsieh, Meng-Fen , Shen, Chung-Hua and Lee, JenSin(2010) 'Factors influencing the foreign entry mode of Asian and Latin-American banks', The Service Industries Journal, 30: 14, 2351- 2365
3.1 how to plan the essay with a given title 1

a title (assigned title)


Most written Key terms in work begins with a title, and students must be quite clear what question the title is asking before starting to plan the essay and read around the topic. E.g Nursery education is better for children than staying at home with mother – discuss.
What do I hope to discover?
How am I going to discover it? What have I found? What does it mean? So what? What are the possible applications or recommendations? What contribution does it make to knowledge? What next?

Introduction Literature review

(Development of hypotheses) Data description Empirical models

Methodology



Analysis of the empirical results Conclusions and policy implications References
2. Standard format of an academic paper
2.1 Standard format of …a journal article

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 How is the format of thesis/dissertation different with that of a journal article?
3.1 how to plan the essay with a given title 3

Answers to Ex2
a) Define: give a definition; Outline: describe the main features b) Compare: examine the similarities;
Aims
Methodology Results Discussion Conclusions
Conclusion: the Organisation of texts

Shorter texts, e.g. essays, are normally organised:

Introduction > Main Body > Conclusion

Contrast: look at the differences c) Evaluate: consider the value d) Trace: describe the main features； Illustrate:give examples
The following terms are also commonly used in essay titles.

Here the key word is “discuss”. Discussing involves examining the benefits and drawbacks of something.
3.1 how to plan the essay with a given title 2

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY



RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Sample Dependent Variable Independent Variables Control Variables Modeling Procedure


the Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work
a chapter or two to describe in detail the methodology adopted or proposed a chapter or two presenting the main results of the work

Longer texts, e.g. dissertations and articles, may include (depending on subject area):

Abstract > Contents > Introduction > Main Body > Case Study >Discussion > Findings > Conclusion > Acknowledgements > Bibliography/References > Appendices
China.

Analyse the Impact of Mobility on Performance of
Routing Protocols for Adhoc Networks Examine two-hybrid interactions in all possible combinations between the yeast proteins
Example 2: Journal of Banking & Finance 31 (2007) 1669–1692
Example 3: Journal of International Business Studies (2008) 39, 231–248

Internalization and experience: Japanese banks’ international expansion, 1980–1998
the conventional structure of a thesis/dissertation
Why am I doing it? What is known? What is unknown? Introduction Significance Review of research Identifying gaps



a) abstract b) acknowledgements c) appendix d)bibliography e) case study f) preface g) index