浙江省2019届高考《英语》模拟试题（一）英语试题（满分120分，考试时间100分钟,不含听力）第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AMost of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.1.Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because _____.A. he made enough moneyB. he hated warC. he wanted to get more interest from the fundD. he liked to live in a peaceful world2.Nobel Prizes come from _____.A. all Nobel’s money in the fundB. AllNobel’s money in his companyC. all the interest from the fundD. some of the interest in the fund3.Which statement of the following is Right according to the passage?_____.A. Nobel set up his company to sell clothes.B. Mostof Nobel’s money was used for the world Wars.C. Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.D. Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.BWhen we can see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing, reading and sewing, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.People who are farsighted(远视的) suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm‘s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people‘s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts(白内障). Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.When night falls, colors become fainter to the eye and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the sides of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn you head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they cannot see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive(敏感的) in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eyes after dark.4.According to the passage, a _____ is more likely to be nearsighted.A. tailorB. doctorC. guardD. Painter5. Those who suffer from cataracts _____.A.will become blindB.cannot be cured (治愈)C.may be curedD.must move to other places6. People who are farsighted _____.A.cannot do a lot of close work without glassesB.can only see things that are very close to their eyesC.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm‘s lengthD.have the same problem as the nearsighted people7. To see a small thing at night, it is better to look ______.A.with wide open eyesB.with half- shut or narrowed eyesC.straight at itD.in a slightly different directionCAir pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, forests and bushes, according to a new report.A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world. Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排气), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix ofspecies. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔藓), and insect-eating sundew plants.The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The r eport’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.“Nitrogen creates arather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.At the conference, the representatives agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. Thedocument highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.8. We can infer from the passage that _________.A. it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphereB. reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than cropsC. the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversityD. reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity9. The team of EU scientists released the second report of nitrogen emissions this week when __________.A. no action was taken to stop nitrogen emissionB. governments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogenC. “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreedD. nitrogen emissio ns were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Keeping Away From Nitrogen EmissionsB. Stopping Nitrogen EmissionsC. Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s WildlifeD. Saving Europe’s Wil dlife第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。