新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义(二)动词的时态与语态的综合运用确定正确的时态1.根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系.①. I ____ ____ (write) now. ②. I ____ __(lose) my pen yesterday.③. We ______ _____ (study) English for two years.2.根据上下文来确定时态有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态.A: Where are the twins? B: They ______ (go) to visit Uncle Wang.3.根据主从句的关系来确定时态.4.根据语言习惯来确定时态*come,go,leave 等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作.*永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时.*祈使句中,或在情态动词,助动词后,谓语动词用原形Don't (read) in the sun, will you?You'd better (stay) at home since it's raining outside.注意所填动词的语态:Today both basketball and volleyball __ _______(play) in many countries.确定动词的形式:1. be busy, what/how about 等后用动词的-ing 形式.2.在介词后一般应用动词的-ing 形式.3.在keep, enjoy, finish, mind 等动词后采用动词的--ing 形式.4.在动词decide, hope, wish, hate 等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask, tell, want, teach 之后则用动词不定式的复合结构,即“ask sb. to do sth.”的形式5.在see, hear, watch, make, let 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号“to”,但在被动句中, 应添上"to".6.在It’s time(for sb.)to do sth. 和It's kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth. 和It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 动词不定式短语作句子真正的主语.7.疑问代词/副词(why 除外) + to do sth. 结构,可在句中作主语, 表语和宾语.练习题：1. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ________(blow) the earth away.2. Mr. Smith kept on (ask) the players to remember-----TEAMWORK3. Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now, so she doesn't know how ____ (do) the problem.4. The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him ______ (carry) it for her.5.用help, happen, listen, have, ask, be, plant, miss, leave, look 的适当形式填空:(1).Wang Hai is a good comrade. He always does his best ________others.(2).Dig the hole big enough, or the trees can’t ___________well .(3).It's time for class. Let's stop _______to the teacher.(4).Her face turned red when she _______ to sing a song for all of us.(5).She is older than Mary but ________much younger.(6).--I can't find my keys.--Maybe you ___________ them at home.(7).We waited in the next room while they ____________a meeting.(8).Hurry up. You __________the train if you don't.思考题：用send, show, turn, cost, write, fly, get, stop, see, do, hear, go 的适当形式填空1.___ _ you _ __ each other since you left school ten years ago?2. What __ _they _ __at 8:00 yesterday evening.3. The Smiths are getting ready to Australia for their holiday.4 .The beautiful jacket too much, doesn't it?5 .Lucy and Lily were playing cards when they __ _ a loud knock at the door.6. The radio says the rain _ __later on.7. The boy __ _to hospital as soon as the traffic accident happened.8. Today films__ _in English everywhere in the world.9. It's summer now. The days__ _longer and the nights shorter.10. Mother _ __ to Shanghai and she'll be back in a week or so.动词的时态（上）A:一般现在时:①表示现在的状态，如：He is twelve. / She is at home.②表示经常的或习惯性的动作，如：I go to school at 7:30 every day.③表示主语具备的性格和能力等，如：She likes apples. / They know English.结构：1）be 动词：第一人称单数为am，第三人称单数为is，其他人称为are。
肯定式: 主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ am/ is /are (否) No,主语+ am /is/are not.缩写形式: I'm = I am That's =That is We're =We are What's= What is You're = You are Who's = Who is They're =They are Where's =Where is He's =He isisn't=is not She's =She is aren't=are not It's == It is2）行为动词：除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s 或-es （变化规则与名词变复数时相同，注意：have 的第三人称单数为has）。
肯定式：主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式：主语+助动词don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他疑问式：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答：(肯)Yes,主语+do/does. (否)No,主语+don’t/doesn’t.缩写形式：don't == do not doesn't ==does not用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day/morning, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays 等时间状语连用。
2.表示普遍真理、客观存在、科学事实。
如.：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
/ The earth is round.地球是圆的。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作. eg. Here comes the train.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时. eg. I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow. B:一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night/week/year, in 1990, when I was five years old, two days ago等。
一般过去时也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和always, often等表示频度的时间状语连用。
如：I got up at 6:30 yesterday. He always went to work by bus last year.结构：1）be动词：第一、三有称单数用was,其他人称用were,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。
2）行为动词：行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加ed或d,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。