827英美文学与翻译2011年真题回忆版Part one literature第一题：someone say that “a good literary work is a combination of pleasure and disquietness”what do you think of it? Select a work and point out where u can find pleasure and disquietness.第二题：someone say that “a good literary work is a question minus answer”,what do you think of it? Select a work or play and point out how the writer pose the question and what extent he answers the question.第三题：this is a short passage taken from the preface of the《leaves of grass》from Walt WhitmanThe Americans of all nations at any time upon the earth have probably the fullest poetical nature. The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem. In the history of the earth hitherto the largest and most stirring appear tame and orderly to their ampler largeness and stir. Here at last is something in the doings of man that corresponds with the broadcast doings of the day and night. Here is not merely a nation but a teeming nation of nations. Here is action untied from strings necessarily blind to particulars and details magnificently moving in vast masses. Here is the hospitality which forever indicates heroes . . . . Here are the roughs and beards and space and ruggedness and nonchalance that the soul loves. Here the performance disdaining the trivial unapproached in the tremendous audacity of its crowds and groupings and the push of its perspective spreads with crampless and flowing breadth and showers its prolific and splendid extravagance. One sees it must indeed own the riches of the summer and winter, and need never be bankrupt while corn grows from the ground or the orchards drop apples or the bays contain fish or men beget children upon women.Other states indicate themselves in their deputies . . . . but the genius of the United States is not best or most in its executives or legislatures, nor in its ambassadors or authors or colleges or churches or parlors, nor even in its newspapers or inventors . . . but always most in the commonpeople. Their manners speech dress friendships – the freshness and candor of their physiognomy –the picturesque looseness of their carriage . . . their deathless attachment to freedom – their aversion to anything indecorous or soft or mean – the practical acknowledgment of the citizens of one state by the citizens of all other states – the fierceness of their roused resentment – their curiosity and welcome of novelty – their self-esteem and wonderful sympathy – their susceptibility to a slight – the air they have of persons who never knew how it felt to stand in the presence of superiors – the fluency of their speech – their delight in music, the sure symptom of manly tenderness and native elegance of soul . . . their good temper and openhandedness – the terrible significance of their elections – the President's taking off his hat to them not they to him –these too are unrhymed poetry. It awaits the gigantic and generous treatment worthy of it.Question1: what’s your understanding of Whitman’s view of poet?Question2: write a comment of this passage .第四题：this is “a very short story” written by Hemingway .then write a comment of this passagePart two: translation汉译英：旧王府艺术研究院的变迁英译汉：idleness+三个短句翻译4.2.1真题解析及技巧指导Part one literature注意答题书写步骤：第一题：1.I take Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to explain the idea.2. pleasure 体现在远离“文明”的，自然的，单纯的河上生活；disquietness体现在河岸上现实的阴暗面即血腥杀戮等3. 总结。
第二题：1.I select Shakespeare’s Hamlet.2.是生还是死的问题的讨论得出结论后，我们的思考过程中剩下的。
3.总结。
第三题：（1）注意解读题目：your understanding of Whitman’s view of poet，第一层是Whitman关于是诗人的观点；第二层是谈谈你的理解,二者缺一不可。
（2）写关于选段的评论，即先总结文章作者的观点，而后加以评书。
相关知识链接：Walt Whitman1. Whitman's life:Whitman is a giant of American letters. His Leaves of Grass has always been considered a monumental work which commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of American democratic ideals.He is the poet of the common people and the prophet and singer of democracy.During the years in New York City, Whitman began to show his democratic partisanship. And this ideas governing Whit’s poetry-writing gradually took place2. Whitman's democratic ideals:Whitman’s democratic ideas govern his poetry-writing. In his famous poetry, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism (the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important) are all that concerned him.Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ,attack the slavery system and racial discrimination. In this book he also extols nature ,democracy, labor and creation ,and sings of man’s dignity and equality, and of the brightest future of mankindWhitman believed that poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonial rule. And it could also help them understand their new status and to define themselves in the new world of possibilities.3. The themes in Whitman's poetry:His poetry is filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch, so the abundance of themes in his poetry voices freshness.①He shows concern for the whole hard-working people and the burgeoning life of cities. To Whitman, the fast growth of industry and wealth in cities indicated a lively future of the nation, despite the crowded, noisy, and squalid conditions and the slackness in morality.②He advocates the realization of the individual value. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-masse” and the self as well.③Pursuit of love and happiness is approved of repeatedly and affectionately in his lines. Sexual 1ove, a rather taboo topic of the time, is displayed candidly as something adorable. The individual person and his desires must be respected.④Some of Whitman's poems are politically committed. Before and during the Civil War, Whitman expressed much mourning for the sufferings of the young lives in the battlefield and showed a determination to carry on the fighting dauntlessly until the final victory4. Leaves of Grass:①The title:It is significant that Whitman entitled his book Leaves of Grass. He said that where there is earth, where there is water, there is grass. Grass, the most common thing with the greatest vitality, is an image of the poet himself, a symbol of the then rising American nation and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.②Theme:In this giant work, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism (the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important) are all that concerned him.Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ,attack the slavery system and racial discrimination. In this book he also extols nature, democracy, labor and creation ,and sings of man's dignity and equality, and of the brightest future of mankind. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-masse" and the self as well③Essential purposeHis aim was nothing less than to express some new poetical feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference should be recognized.The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was, according to Whitman, to behave as a supreme individualist; however, the poet's essential purpose was to identify his ego with the world, and more specifically with the democratic "en-masse" of America, which is established in the opening lines of "Song of Myself".5. Whitman's poetic style and language:①Poetic style:To dramatize the nature of these new poetical feelings, Whitman employed brand-new means in his poetry, which would first be discerned in his style and language.(1) Whitman’s poetic style is marked, first of all, by the use of the poetic “I.” Whitman becomes all those people in his poems and yet still remains “Walt Whitman”, hence a discovery of the self in the other with such an identification. In such a manner, Whitman invites his readers to participate in the process of sympathetic identification.(2) Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. He adopted “free verse”(3) Whitman is conversational and casual, in the fluid, expansive, and unstructured style of talking. However, there is a strong sense of the poems being rhythmical. The reader can feel the rhythm of Whitman‘s thought a nd cadences of his feeling. Parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the lines also contribute to the musicality of his poems.②Whitman's language:(1) Most of the pictures he painted with words are honest, undistorted images of different aspects of America of the day. The particularity about these images is that they are unconventional in the way they break down the social division based on religion, gender, class, and race. One of the most often-used methods in Whitman's poems is to make colors and images fleet past the mind's eye of the reader.(2) Another characteristic in Whitman's language is his strong tendency to use oral English.(3) Whitman's vocabulary is amazing. He would use powerful, colorful, as well asrarely-used words, words of foreign origin and sometimes even wrong words.第四题：就选段写评论，先总结选段大意；然后表述自己考前准备的作家的写作风格、特色；最后，评论选段中作家的观点，一定要有自己的观点，但不可偏激，要客观。