广东高考英语完形填空命题简析与技巧点拨1、命题特点完型填空综合考察学生的语言知识、阅读能力和总体语言水平,检查学生在有信息空缺的前提下理解整篇文章的能力,要求通过上下文判断,选择恰当的单词或词组填入空格中,使之成为上下合乎逻辑、语言通顺、意义连贯的文章。
广东卷近来年来的高考完形填空题,具有以下几个特点:1.一个只考。
只考实词,包括名词、动词、形容词和副词。
2.两种体裁。
记叙文和说明文,以记叙文为主,间或夹叙夹议的内容。
3.三个相同。
每小题的四个选项有以下三个相同点:(1)词类相同。
要么都是名词,要么都是动词,要么都是形容词或副词;(2)语法形式相同。
名词或动词的单复数形式相同,动词-ing或-ed形式相同,形容词或副词的比较等级形式相同;(3)正确选项的分布基本相同。
即A、B、C、D四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。
如15个小题,A、B、C、D各占3—4个。
4.四个不考。
(1)不考虚词,包括冠词、代词、介词、连词等;(2)不考纯语法。
答案都要通过上下文理解来确定,没有纯语法考查题;(3)不考纯固定搭配。
没有考查纯固定搭配记忆题,即使是搭配,也是可以通过上下文语境推知。
(4)不考词语辨析。
不考查词义或用法非常相似或难以辨析的词语。
一般说来,四个选项的意义相差很大。
二、五个根据解答完形填空题,有以下五条“根据”:1.根据首句暗示。
高考完形填空首句往往不设空,是个完整的句子,通过它可以了解全文,判断文章的大意或主题,建立正确的思维导向,对解题非常关键。
2.根据逻辑推理。
考生要懂得根据文段意思和日常生活经验及科普常识等进行简单的逻辑推理来确定答案。
3.根据语言结构。
就是根据选项所在句的对比结构、排比结构、类似结构等语言结构形式来判断和选择答案。
4.根据词语复现。
词汇复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密。
利用词语的复现,对解题很有帮助。
5.根据前后语境。
高考完形填空中绝大多数题是要通过理解上下文语境才能选出正确答案。
有的根据上文,有的根据下文,有的要上下文结合,甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。
三、三遍阅读完形填空的解题思路总则:在把握整体的基础上对句子内部情况进行分析。
跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案再读全文,反复检查瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破四、两个技巧1.复现复现是一种词汇衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式,重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。
因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。
(1)原词复现。
为了表达需要,在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。
All of a sudden I started to feel rather ___1___. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ___2___. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help(2)同义词、近义词复现。
同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式,或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。
如:That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ______ of it. The value in dollars is notimportant; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.A. benefitB. goodC. funD. interest(3)反义词复现。
语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段,或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释,考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
如:Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t ______ your money; it only tightens it.A. loosenB. weakenC. decreaseD. reduce(4)同源词或同根词复现。
对于上下文语义复现的表达,还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。
如:Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading……When research is _________, the professor expects the student to take itactively and to complete it with minimum guidance.A. collectedB. assignedC. distributedD. finished(5)上义词复现。
上义词具有概括的作用。
在篇章中,有时为了表达的需要,作者会先概述,再分述。
概述时用的为上义词,分述则用比较具体的下义词,两者为总分关系。
如:Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of _______: agriculture, diving and mathematics.A. questionsB. subjectsC. mattersD. contents2.同现同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中,以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。
由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同,因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。
(1)场所同现。
如:On _______ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy(2)修饰同现。
如:Although these wide modern roads are generally _______ and well maintained, with little sharp curves and many straight ________, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.A. stableB. smoothC. splendidD. complicatedA. selectionsB. separationsC. seriesD. sections(3)因果同现。
如:“Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest _______ I had ever heard at a meet. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.A. cheerB. shoutC. cryD. noise(4)结构同现。
如:Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. _______, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.A. As a matter of factB. Later onC. Other timesD. In general(5)同义同现。
如:If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.A. greetB. attachC. approachD. annoy[解析] 根据同义同现,make an appointment就是approach(接近)老师的一种方式,所以选C。
注意,同义同现是同义词出现在同一句子中,而同义复现是同义词出现在不同的句子中。
3.真题验证下面让我们通过2010年广东高考英语完形填空题来验证这两个绝招的神奇作用吧!Every country has its own culture. Even though each country usesdoors,doors may have 21 functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences.21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing21. A 根据近义词复现,文章首句提到了“每个国家都有它自己的文化”,门也有着不同的功能。
此题也可以根据同义词复现得知,下文“they had distinct functions”的distinct就是提示。
22. C 根据同源词复现,文章首句中提到了“文化”一词,所以门的功能不同导致了文化差异。
When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different 23 and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building. This was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.23. A. exits B. entrances C. signs D. doors24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close25. A. main B. same C. front D. back23. D 本文是讲不同国家门的不同功能和不同使用方式,根据原词复现,上下文中出现了好几个door,再说,后半句的they也是指“门”。