Unit 14Task 1A reporter is interviewing some people about unusual sports.Interviewer: Hello, Andrea. I’ve just been watching you skiing. You’re really very good, aren’t you? Very fast indeed.Andrea: Thank you. I do teach skiing, you know, so I have to be good. But now I also have to be very fast, because I’ve been selected for the Olympic team and I’m traini ng forthe Olympic Games next year.Interviewer: Photos, water sports are your work — water skiing, parasailing. Do you still enjoy them?Photos: Oh yes, I love water skiing particularly, but some days, when it’s raining, there’s nothing to do. So I’m learning to play chess in my spare time. It’s a nice game, youknow.Interviewer: And Yannis, how old are you?Yannis: I’m fifteen. I’m on holiday at the moment and I’m helping my brother. I’m learning to drive the boat. But I live in Athens with my family. I’m a student there. Interviewer: Claude, you look very fit. How old are you?Claude: I’m fifty now. I own this windsurfing club, but I’m also the club manager. I windsurfa lot and I meet a lot of British and Canadians, so I’m studying English twice a week— in the evenings.Interviewer: Stewart, you are from Scotland, aren’t you?Stewart: Yes, I’m a bank m anager in Aberdeen. But as you know, I go underwater caving. I want to go to Borneo next summer. But it’s a very dangerous sport so I’m practicingdiving every weekend, at the moment.Task 2【答案】1) b, 2) Lift the club backwards away from the ball; keeping left arm straight till you get to the top of the wing; keep your head down; keep looking at the ball; swing down; hit the ball; throw that club towards the hole.3) c, 4) Bend your knees; thrust your hands back; go into the water; make your heads follow, go straight in and your legs follow; put your hands back, behind your back.5) c, 6) Take your left hand; get some hair on its neck; get a good firm hold; lift your left leg; put it in the stirrup; hang on tight with your left hand onto the hair; your toes are facing towards its back; put your other hand on the back of the saddle; swing your leg over the back.【原文】Extract 1:Steve: Lift the club backwards away from the ball. That’s it. Keeping that left arm straight. Fern: It’s not easy.Steve: ...till you get to the top of the wing. [Yeah.]Good. Now the very important thing — you must keep your head down all the time.Fern: Down?Steve: Yes, keep looking at the ball.Fern: Oh, but I’m looking at the club.Steve: No. You must look at the ball. That’s it. Right, now...Fern: It’s not a very natural position, is it?Steve: Well, now swing down. [Yes.] that’s it... swing down and through keeping that left arm straight [Yes.] and even when you... even after you’ve hit the ball, you must keep that head looking at where the ball was. Yes.Fern: It doesn’t seem right to me!Steve: No, no. You’re doing really well. That’s OK.Fern: It’s not easy, is it?Steve: And after you’ve hit the ball, keep looking at where the ball was but make sure you throw that club towards the hole.Fern: That’s not going to be difficult at all. I’ve almost let go several times.Steve: You mustn’t let go. I mean you must just point the club towards the hole.Fern: Yes, that’s why I’m looking in that direction so I can check where it’s gone... hasn’t gone very fast actually.Steve: Good. You’ll be really good.Extract 2:Tom: Am I standing in the right position?Ruth: Well, you’ve got to bend your knees a bit more, and thrust your hands back, so when you go into the water, you make your heads follow, er... go straight in and your legs follow.Tom: Is this OK?Ruth: Yes, that’s just...yes, that’s just about right and bend your knees a little bit more.Tom: Does...? This all right now?Ruth: Yes, that’s fine. Now, put your hands back, behind your back. OK? Nice and straight...Yes, that’s it, and then, make it... now, go on, go! Make your head go straight in and your, erm...legs follow.Extract 3:Jackie: Lesley, I don’t think it likes me?Lesley: Oh, never mind Jackie, now relax. Now take a deep breath all right, because it can sense if you’re nervous. [OK.] All right? Now, you feeling OK? [Yes, jolly good.] Now, take your left hand, [Mm-mm] and get some hair on its neck.., get a good firm hold. [OK.] Now, can you lift your left leg and put it in the stirrup... you put your foot in the stirrup. [My left leg.] OK? Yes. Hang on tight with your left hand on...[Uhhum.] onto the hair. OK? [Right.] And put your left foot in the stirrup.Jackie: Fine. So my toes are pointing forwards?Lesley: No, your toes are facing towards its back... end. All right? [OK.] OK? Right, now, can you hop round [Mm-mm.] so that you’re facing its middle [Mm-mm.] alright? And put your other hand on the back of the saddle. [Fine.] OK? Feeling comfortable? [Yes.] OK. Now,you’ve got to take a big jump, and you’ve got to swing your leg over the back, but don’t kick it, because it’ll be frightened. [Uh-huh-huh-huh.] OK?Jackie: It’ll be frightened? OK, here we go.Task 3【答案】1) a, 2) c, 3) a, 4) b, 5) b【原文】Man: Honey, the basketball game is about to start. And could you bring some chips and a bowl of ice cream? And... uh... a slice of pizza from the fridge.Woman: Anything else?Man: Nope, that’s all for now. Hey, honey, you know, they’re organizing a company basket ball team, and I’m thinking about joining. What do you think?Woman: Humph.Man: “Humph!” what do you mean “Humph?” I was the star player in high school.Woman: Yeah, twenty-five years ago. Look, I just don’t want you having a heart attack running up and down the court.Man: So, what are you suggesting? Should I just abandon the idea? I’m not that out of shape. Woman: Well... you ought to at least have a physical before you begin. I mean, it has been at least five years since you played at all.Man: Well, OK, but...Woman: And you need to watch your diet and cut back on the fatty foods, like ice cream. And you should try eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.Man: Yeah, you’re probably right.Woman: And you should take up a little weight training to strengthen your muscles or perhaps try cycling to build up your cardiovascular system. Oh, and you need to go to bed early instead of watching TV half the night.Man: Hey, you’re starting to sound like my personal fitness instructor.Woman: No, I just love you, and I want you to be around for a long, long time.Task 4【答案】1) T, 2) T, 3) F, 4) F, 5) F, 6) T, 7) F, 8) F【原文】Mal c: Bye, Mum, we’re off.Mum: Off where?Boy: Break dancing.Mum: Break dancing? Whatever’s that?Mal c: It’s great.Boy: Yeah, it’s great.Mum: I daresay it is. But what is it?Malc: It’s break dancing. You dance on your shoulders and on your back and on your head when you are good enough.Mum: It doesn’t sound much like dancing to me.Boy: It is. It’s great!Malc: Yeah.Mum: More like some competition in the Olympic Games.Malc: Yeah. It’s good exercise. Keeps you fit. But not like school athletics. It’s great.Mum: And where are you off to do your break dancing?Malc: Oh, we do it in the street. Anywhere! You don’t have to go to a dance hall to do it. You just do it — where you feel like it.Boy: It’s great.Mum: But you can’t just start dancing in the street like that.Boy: Why not? We take the portable cassette recorder and when we find a nice street, we turn the music up really loud and start dancing.Mum: And don’t the neighbours and police complain?Malc: No. They’re too interested watching us dance.Mum: On your back, shoulders and heads? I see. It sounds fascinating, I must say. I’m not surprised they watch. Very amusing.Boy: Yeah, it’s great. We have competitions to see who can do it the fastest without falling over.Malc’s the winner so far.Malc: Yeah, I’m the best. I teach the others but they can’t do it like me yet.Mum: I suppose that explains the conditions of your clothes lately.Boy: What do you mean, Mum?Mum: All these tears and holes I’ve suddenly been noticing in unusual places. That explains it. If you’re dancing on your shoulders and backs, you’ll be wearing your hair out next, I suppose.Malc: On, c ome on, Mum. It’s great.Mum: Oh well, off you go. But in future wear all your old pullovers and shirts, will you? It’s not very great sitting up late at night sewing up holes in your new ones. Go on, off with you.Task 5【答案】1) c, 2) a, 3) c, 4) b, 5) b【原文】Hello everybody, and welcome back to a thrilling game at the Tokyo Dome with the US Team taking a drumming at the hands of the Japanese national team going into the second half, 51 to 26. The US Dream Team is made up of NBA veterans — supposedly the best we have to offer — but they need a miracle to dig themselves out of a hole and come back at this point.Unfortunately for the Dream Team, their leading scorer, High-Fly Wilson, was ejected one minute into the second quarter after climbing into the stands and fighting with a spectator who had continually heckled Wilson for shooting three airballs in a row.Another unuaual moment came late in the second quarter when the Japanese center, Tomohiro Suzuki, suffered a concussion and was knocked out cold as he lunged for a ball and collided with the knee of one of his own teammates. There also have been several other injuries, including the loss of starting forward, Masa Harada.Some of the coaches on the US team are attributing the team’s slow performance to some raw fish they had last night while attending a banquet in their honor. Next thing we’ll know, they’ll be blaming their players’ cement hands on a demonstration class on Japanese paper folding earlier in the week. Who knows what’ll be next?OK, it looks like we’re ready for the second half.Task 6【答案】A.80 hectares, 470,000 square meters, 17,600, 760-hectare, 14, 15, less than a 30-minute driveB.1) It is located in the western part of the Village and consists of apartment buildings, dining halls, and other facilities.2) It is located in the eastern part of the Village and will provide leisure facilities and cultural activities for athletes.3) After the Games, it will become a residential area.【原文】Olympic VillageWith a land area of 80 hectares and a total building floor area of 470,000 square meters, the Olympic Village, located within the Olympic Green, will accommodate 17,600 athletes and team officials. A 760-hectare “Forest Park” will also be created within the Olympic Village.14 venues will be used to hold 15 sporting events within the Olympic Green. These venues are in walking distance from the Olympic Village. All other Olympic venues in Beijing will be less than a 30-minute drive from the Village.The Olympic Village will provide safe and comfortable facilities to help athletes achieve their peak performance during the Games. The Residential Quarter located in the western part of the Village consists of apartment buildings, dining halls, and other facilities. The International Quarter located in the eastern part of the Village will provide leisure facilities and cultural activities for athletes.After the Games, the Village will become a residential area.Task 7【答案】1) The sheer physical nature of football.2) The physical movement of the man: a man who can jump to a height and then get the power behind a ball with his head.3) Well-timed tackle and a ball hit well on the run.4) When you’ve played the game yourself, you can real ly appreciate the skills involved.【原文】Two football enthusiasts talk about what they appreciate about the game.Interviewer: When you… when you go to a match, what do you actually look for? Is it the movement, is it the tactics? What I... or is it just the sheer...1st enthusiast: I think...Interviewer: Sheer exercise? The activity?1st enthusiast: For me it’s the… it’s the sheer physical…erm… the whole, the physical nature of the thing, you know.Interviewer: Uhm.1st enthusiast: For me, I... I like nothing better than to admire a good First Division side running out onto the pitch and you look at these men and their physical condition, everymuscle in their body is completely toned up, you know. And these men are runningand I mean running for ninety minutes.Interviewer: Um.1st enthusiast: And they are really… the... 1 think there is a beauty in it.Interviewer: Uhm?1st enthusiast: The... the physical movement of the man… a man who can jump to a height and then get the power behind a ball with his head.Interviewer: Uhum?1st enthusiast: Which I can just about get out of kicking a ball with my foot.Interviewer: Uhum?1st enthusiast: You know, that is the enjoyment for me.2nd enthusiast: Or a well-timed tackle.1st enthusiast: Yes.2nd enthusiast: Or a... a ball hit well on the run.Interviewer: Uhum.2nd enthusiast: These are skills which have to be learned over a number of years.Interviewer: Yes, uhum.2nd enthusiast: And then of course, you have players who are gifted.Interviewer: Uhum.2nd enthusiast: The skills come almost natural to them. And it’s a b... it’s a beautiful thing to... to see a really professional footballer in action.Interviewer: Uhum.2nd enthusiast: Just striking the ball. But...but it’s only when you’ve pl ayed the game yourself I think, that you can really appreciate.Interviewer: Um.2nd enthusiast: The skills involved.Interviewer: Um.Task 8【答案】1) It is as tiring as it is playing the game itself.2) The tension is released and the tremendous energy is thrown out.3) When a goal is scored, it gives the opportunity to get rid of a lot of your aggressive feelings.4) Because wild behaviour is news and good behavior isn’t.5) It probably contributes to the violence on the terraces.【原文】What’s it like being at a football match? The two enthusiasts talked about this and violence in football crowds.Interviewer: So, ...a...a...a typical match... i... i... is a very tense tense...2nd enthusiast: Oh, yes.Interviewer: Affair, isn’t it?2nd enthusiast: Oh, yes.1st enthusiast: I... in fact, it’s a very…sorry... it’s... a... it’s... a... er...almost tiring being a supporter. Interviewer: Uhm?1st enthusiast: As it is... erm... playing the game itself.1st enthusiast: Er... live fo otball for me is... is... is one of the most…er... stimulating experiences for...emotional sort of build-up and strain.Interviewer: Um.1st enthusiast: You know. The feeling when the ball goes in the back of the net.Interviewer: Uhum.1st enthusiast: In... when you are actually witnessing the whole build-up and the movement. And when it goes in, what is actually happening when the ball goes in the net is that thistension you have built up is suddenly… you give vent to it all and... Interviewer: It’s rel eased?1st enthusiast: It’s released; you know it’s like the tremendous energy being...Interviewer: Uhum.1st enthusiast: Thrown out.Interviewer: Um?1st enthusiast: It’s a tremendous feeling.2nd enthusiast: I... i... i... it also...Interviewer: Uhum?2nd enthusiast: Gives the opportunity to... to... to get rid of a lot of... er...er aggressive...er... a lot of your aggressive feelings.Interviewer: Um.2nd enthusiast: You know. You can...1st enthusiast: Ummm.2nd enthusiast: Shout and scream.Interviewer: Umm.2nd enthusiast: Things which in... in... in normal company you wouldn’t do.Interviewer: But you personally have never been involved in a brawl?2nd enthusiast: No, no. But I’ve seen them.Interviewer: A fight?2nd enthusiast: I have seen them, yeah.Interviewer: Uhum?2nd enthusiast: I... I’ve seen.Interviewer: Uhum.2nd enthusiast: Of course,Interviewer: Uhum?2nd enthusiast: Un... un... wild behaviour is news,Interviewer: Uhum.2nd enthusiast: And good behavior isn’t news.1st enthusiast: Umm.2nd enthusiast: So that the press tends to seize on... on skinheads at football matches. Interviewer: Uhim.2nd enthusiast: And this is blown up.Interviewer: Uhumm.2nd enthusiast: This is blown up. And in fact, in my opinion… i... i...i… it probably c ontributes to the violence...2nd enthusiast: On the terraces.Task 9【答案】【原文】A: Yes, people used to say that sporting competitions between nations was a good substitute for war but it seems in recent times at football matches that it’s er... that they’re taking war with them into the er... into the football ground. I mean, does… doesn’t international competitio n in this way simply ferment nationalist feelings and make the whole situation rather unsporting in the end?B: I think it does, yes. I mean... I... er in a good game of any sport really that... I personally think if it’s played as it should be played, winning is not the be all and end all, it’s playing the game… which is the...A: But is that possible today in a professional sport?B: No, I’m afraid it isn’t.C: No, I don’t think it should be in professional sport. In a professional sport we’re talking ab out winning… um because winning is where the money is, hence professional and...B: That’s the way it is. Whether it should be is another question... I er...C: Oh no, that is how it should be. If you don’t want it to be like that then you have amateur spo rt. A: Well, what about the effect on the supporters though in that case. There... is there any truth in saying that the violence on the field of sport between professionals who are behaving professionally and we’ve got this very unpleasant impression “a professional foul” in football, doesn’t that lead to violence off… off the...?C: Yes, I’m sure it does, and really we’re talking about responsibility and I don’t think that insome of the games where violence is prevalent, as for example football, that we have responsible officials. I think, er, to stop violence on the terraces then, yes you must stop some of the violence on the field.A: Maybe professionalism is part of this. I mean the… perhaps the most violent game that we play in Britain on the field i s the Rugby Union and yet it’s very rare for any… for there to be any er trouble in the grounds where...B: The point is that in Rugby Union one can’t tell the difference between a legitimate tackle and a bodily assault.C: No, but I think that it’s handl ed more... more responsibly. For example, I believe in Rugby when one person is sent off, generally there’s... there’s someone from the opposing side also sent off, and I think it’s fair to say that in most trouble spots there…there is more than one person involved. By doing things like that you defuse the situation.B: I think the referees in Rugby are much tougher. I mean one word against the referee in Rugby and you’re off in a lot of cases.A: But also, of course, it’s an amateur game. There isn’t t he money in it is there, for the players. B: But even in Rugby League where there is money involved, although perhaps not such a large extent on the whole as in football, the referee usually has much more control of the situation.Task 10【答案】A.1) How do top athletes handle defeat and disappointment?Or where do they find the spark to keep going after a loss?2) Wining or losing depends solely on the athlete’s own skill and effort.B.1) Think positively.2) Stick with it.3) Work on small things.4) Learn from mistakes.5) Pick yourself up.C.1) Name: Siri LindleyProfession: long-distance running, swimming, cyclingResponse: make me stronger and more determined, pick my head up, start thinking positive, visualize myself succeeding2) Name: Allen JohnsonProfession: 100-meter hurdles at the 1996 OlympicsResponse: You can’t be the best every day, you can be the best on some days3) Name: Diver Mark RuizProfession: national championsResponse: the little things that count, practice that much harder, feel motivated to practice, if I don’t train well,I don’t do well.4) Name: Shannon MillerProfession: two goldsResponse: go back to the gym and figure out what went wrong, learn form your mistakes5) Name: Michael WeissProfession: one of the best, a lot of spillsResponse: a part of growing, lift you up, pick yourself up【原文】Top athletes offer advice on making the most of a lossHow do top athletes handle defeat and disappointment? In many cases, an athlete can turn to his or her teammates for support and encouragement. But in some sports, the performer competes as an individual. Winning or losing depends solely on the athlete’s own skill and effort.I asked several top performers in individual sports like gymnastics, skating, and track and field where they find the spark to keep going after a loss. Maybe their responses will be helpful to you, too.Siri Lindley is a top triathlete, competing in events that combine long-distance running, swimming, and cycling. “I try to use what I learn from each loss to make me stronger and more determined,” she says. “Then I pick my head up and start thinking positive and I visualize myself succeeding the next time. Let the losses make you stronger.”Allen Johnson won a gold medal in the 100-meter hurdles at the 1996 Olympics, but he knows that he can’t win every race. “When I don’t win, I have to accept the fact that I made a mistake or that someone was better on that day,” he says. “You can’t be the best every day, but you can be the best on some days.”Diver Mark Ruiz has won many national championships. “In my sport it is the little things that count,” he says. “Each dive must be done perfectly. If I don’t do well in a meet, it pushes me to practice that much harder. If I don’t feel motivated to practice, I remind myself that if I don’t train well, I don’t do well. So I go right back to working on all the small things.”Gymnast Shannon Miller has won several Olympic medals, including two golds. “If I make a mistake in the middle of a competition, I try to forget about it because I have to go on,” she says. “If I do poorly over the course of an entire meet, I go back to the gym and figure out what went wrong. It’s so important to learn from your mistakes.”Figure skater Michael Weiss is one of the best in his sport, but there have been a lot of spills along the way. “I look at failing as a part of growing,” he says.“When you lose and you are feeling down, without teammates to lift you up, you have to be strong enough to pick yourself up.”Task 11【答案】Title: Preventing Sporting Injuries1. IntroductionImportance of sports: a great way to keep in shape for most people, and a great start on the road to a healthy lifestyle.Topic of the talk: tips for getting the most out of your fitness programme and preventing injury.2. Preventing injuries2.1 Avoiding dehydrationHow to avoid dehydration: drink consistently before and during your sporting activity. Remember: alcohol and any drinks containing caffeine can lead to increased dehydration.If you are outdoors.Remember: bring adequate sun protection.Avoid: activities between 10 am and 2 pm, the hottest part of the day.2.2 Warming up, cooling downStretching: helps to promote blood flow to your muscles,increases flexibility, andreduces the chance of getting a new injury or aggravating an old one.A gentle cool down period: less muscle stiffness and soreness.removing waste products from muscles, andreplacing them with nutrients and oxygen.Cautions: Try not to overdo it when beginning a new activity;build on your fitness levels, and set goals.2.3 The right equipmentEssential equipment: the correct footwear, especially in sports where knee and ankle injuries are common.Protective equipment: knee and elbow pads, helmets, gloves or shin pads.3. Treating an injury3.1 Broken bones and severe sporting injuries: a medical professional immediately.3.2 Less serious sprains and strains: RICE —Rest, Ice, Compress, and Elevate.4. Food and sport4.1 Time for food digestion before sport: one to four hours, longer if your sport involvesrunning.4.2 The ideal meal prior to sport: low in fat, and high in carbohydrates.【原文】Preventing Sporting InjuriesSports are obviously a great way to keep in shape for most people, and a great start on the road to a healthy lifestyle.Here are some tips for getting the most out of your fitness programs and preventing injury.Avoiding dehydrationWhatever sport your play, it is essential to maintain your fluid levels to avoid dehydration. Don’t rely on you r thirst as an indicator of fluid depletion; try to drink consistently before and during your sporting activity. Continuing to drink after you have finished will ensure that weight lost through fluid depletion is replaced. Remember that alcohol and any drinks containing caffeine can led to increased dehydration.If you are outdoors, always remember to bring adequate sum protection, and try to avoid scheduling activities between 10 am and 2 pm, the hottest part of the day.Warning up, cooling downYou can help to reduce the risk of a serious sporting injury by warming up prior to exercise and taking time to cool down after your activity. Stretching prior to exercise helps to promote blood flow to your muscles, increasing flexibility and reducing the chance of getting a new injury or aggravating an old one.A gentle cool down period means you will experience less muscle stiffness and soreness. It also helps to remove waste products form muscles you have used during your activity, replacing them with nutrients and oxygen.Try not to overdo it when beginning a new activity; build on your fitness levels and set goals. knowing your limits means you have less chance of sustaining a sporting injury—a lack offitness increase your chance of experiencing a heat-related injury such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke.The right equipmentNo matter what sport you play, the correct footwear is essential to absorb the impact of movement as well as provide adequate support for your ankles and feet. This is especially important in sports where knee and ankle injuries are common, such as netball and football. To help avoid injury, protective equipment such as knee and elbow pads, helmets, gloves or shin pads may be helpful in many contact sports or sports where there is a risk of crashing.Treating an injuryWhile broken bones and severe sporting injuries, such as concussions, should be treated by a medical professional immediately, less serious sprains and strains can initially be helped by the RICE method.Rest — no exercise or stretching or quick movements.Ice —should be applied for at least 20 minutes as soon as possible after the injury, then every four hours while you are awake, for the next 48 hours. Crushed ice cubes in a wet tea towel or packets of frozen peas are ideal. Be careful to protect your skin from the ice with oil, a paper towel or a tea towel.Compress — use a firm crepe or elastic pressure bandage on the affected joint or limb.Elevate — keep the injured arm or leg up.Food and sportAllow between one and four hours for your food to digest before you participate in any sporting activity, longer if your sport involves running. the ideal meal prior to sport is low in fat and high in carbohydrates —carbohydrates increase your store of glycogen, which fuels the muscles, while a low-fat meal helps you avoid a bloated feeling that may affect your performance.Task 12【答案】Mr. Jones was very fond of climbing mountains, so one year he went to Switzerland for his holidays. After he had climbed some easy mountains, he decided one day to climb a more difficult one; but he did not want to go up it alone, so he found a good Swiss guide, who had often climbed that mountain.At first it was not a difficult climb, but then they came to a place which was not so easy. The guide stopped, turned round and warned Mr. Jones. “Be careful here,”he said, “This is a dangerous place. You can easily fall, and if you do, you will fall straight down a very long way. But,” he cont inued calmly, “if you do fall here, don’t forget to look to the right while you are going down. There is quite an extraordinarily beautiful view there — much more beautiful than the one you can see from here.”。