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跨文化交际(林大津)第一章


directed有向交际\nondirected无向交际; Intentional有意\unintentional无意; active主动\passive被动; simultaneous共时\ nonsimultaneous非共时
• 1.1.3 .“普通交际”或“同一文化圈内的交际”的
定义(Definition of intracultural communication): communication between and among members of the same culture.在同一 文化内两个或多个人之间的交流 • 普通交际与跨文化交际关系:同质同构
第七节 跨文化交际研究方法与步骤
• 1、方法 (1)Induction\Inductive method:the process of deriving general principles from particular facts or instances. (2)Deduction: the process of reasoning from the general to the specific. • 2、步骤 (1)、收集素材Collecting materials by observation、 survey and reading the documents.
县官与知府的对话 • “贵县风土怎么样?” • “没有大风,更少尘土” • “百姓怎么样?” • “白杏只有两棵,红杏不少” • “我问的是黎庶!” • “梨树很多,结的果实很小” • “我不是问什么梨树,我是问你的小民!” • “卑职的小名叫狗儿”
• 第二节 文化 • 1、定义 • 2、范畴
• 1.2.1文化的定义:1.一个民族区别于另一个民 族的综合特征。2.一个群体区别于另一个群体 的综合特征。 (the syndrome of a nation\colony which is different from the one of another.) 1.2.2文化的范畴(category):1.高级文化、大 众文化、深层文化;2.大写字母的文化、小写 字母的文化;3.知识文化与交际文化(verbal and nonverbal cultural factors which affect the information conveying in the intercultural Communication.)
• 案例:《回答的方式》 • 飞利浦照明公司某区人力资源副总裁(美国人)与一位被 认为具有发展潜力的中国员工交谈。想听听这位员工对自 己今后五年的职业发展规划以及期望达到的位置。中国员 工并没有正面回答问题,而是开始谈论起公司未来的发展 方向、公司的晋升体系,以及目前他本人在组织中的位置 等等。将了半天也没有正面回答副总裁的问题。副总有些 大惑不解,没等他说完已经有写不耐烦了,因为同样的事 情之前已经发生了好几次。“我不过是想知道这位员工对 于自己未来五年发展的打算,想要在飞利浦做到什么样的 职位罢了,可为何就不能得到明确的回答呢?”谈话结束 后,副总忍不住想人力资源总监甲抱怨道。“这位老外总 裁怎么这样咄咄逼人?”谈话中受到压力的员工也向甲谈 苦。作为人力资源总监,甲明白双方之间不同的沟通方式 引起了隔阂,虽然他极力想双方解释,但要完全消ators possess the sense of superiority of their cultures, which would lead to prejudice against another culture and other communication problems.
第三节跨文化交际
• 1.3.1定义:the communication in which the behavior source and the responder are from different cultures. • 1.3.2复杂性(特征): please expound\explain the features or the complexity of Intercultural communication .
英汉语言文化比较
——跨文化交际研究
第一章 跨文化交际学综述
• 1.1.1交际的定义:communication may be defined as that which happens whenever someone responds to the behavior or the residue of the behavior of another person. • 1.1.2交际的类型(type): verbal言语\nonverbal非言语; direct直接\indirect间接; two-way双向\one-way单向; one\group-to-one点点交际或点面交际; one\group-to-group点面交际或面面交际;
第四节 跨文化交际学(the study of inter\cross-cultural communication)
• 1、定义: The study of inter\cross-cultural communication focuses on contradiction and problems, and seek for the way to improve the skills of intercultural communication. • 2、性质(characteristic ): interdisciplinarity(n.)\interdisciplinary(adj.) • 3、研究内容:
• (2)、组织材料Organizing materials by putting them in categories. • (3)、分析材料Analyzing materials by analyzing the surface differences and deep reasons of communicative act. sensitive issue: Do we have to evaluate\ estimate different cultures?
1.1.4交际要素(elements): 行为源-编码-信息-渠道-反应者(接 收者)-译码-反应-反馈
行为源与反应者,编码和译码是跨文化 交际中最易出错(fragile)的环节
• 1.1.5影响(普通)交际的因素(factors): • A.个人因素:a.比较稳定的(性别、年龄、 性格、职业、社会地位、知识结构、生活 经历等) b.非稳定因素(当时意图、当 时心境、当时身份等) • B.环境因素:时间、地点、场合
• 3、It helps people widen their vision and promote cultural communication.
• Can you give some examples of communication barriers or conflicts? • e.g. addressing • greeting • compliment • dinning habit • privacy
Some principles: A. We have to pay attention to the differences among cultures in the different historical times. B. We should not take a part for the whole. C. We should prevent cultural stereotype. • (4)、下结论make a conclusion
People in the western countries use knives and forks to have dinner, while Chinese use chopsticks. Can you analyze this phenomenon.
第五节 跨文化交际研究的意义
• 1、It is conducive to removal of communication barriers. • 2、 It is conducive to prevention of communication conflicts.
• Features:municators in intercultural communication share the information of different degrees, most of them share very little, because they are from different culture backgrounds. • 2.the majority of communicators have no awareness of cultural difference. For example, they usually judge people and things by the criteria from their own culture. And this hinder the intercultural communication further.
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