对外经济贸易大学《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试I. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statementsis true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.（每题 1 分，共 20 分）1. The term “intercultural communication” was first used by Geert Hofstede in1959.2. Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" thatguides us in our daily interactions.3. In most of Africa, Argentina and Peru, putting one’s indexfinger to his temple means ‘You are crazy.’4. Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentallyorganizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward aparticular group of people.5. Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted bypersons in a culture.They are the innermost “skin of the onion.”6. People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect,whereas this may be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures.7. Unbuttoning one’s coat is a sign of openness, friendliness orwillingness to reach an agreement.8. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, theparties must provide for a win-lose situation.9. Edward Hall’s theory states that the four levels embody thetotal concept of culture like an onion – symbols, heroes,rituals, and values.10. Successful intercultural businesscommunication involves knowing theethnocentrisms of persons in other cultures. Understanding the mindsets of both oneself and the person of another culture will result in more efficient communication.11. Ethnocentrism is the belief that somebody else’s culturalbackground, including ways of analyzing problems, values,beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, isbetter than our own.12. People in the United States place a greater emphasis onhistory and do not like change as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures.13. When dealing with German business people, you should avoidjokes and other forms of humor during the actual businesssessions.14. In the business circle, American business people use first names immediately.15. Companies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as inArab countries men may refuse to work withwomen.16. In Southeast Asia, you should avoid presenting your businesscard with your right hand.17. When accepting a business card, German business peoplecarefully look at the card, observe the title and organization, acknowledge with a nod that they have digested the information, and perhaps make a relevant comment or ask a polite question.18. The OK sign may be interpreted as asking for money byJapanese business people.19. Nonverbal communication is important to the study ofintercultural communication because a great deal of nonverbalbehavior speaks a universal language.20. In short, intercultural communication competence requiressufficient awareness knowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve interculturalcommunication competence.II. Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English andEnglish terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共 20 分）1. stereotypes 2. paralanguage3. ethnocentrism4. masculinity5. high-context culture6. monochronic time7. speech act 8. conversation taboos 9. vocal qualifiers 10. power distance11. 译码12.偏见13. 文化震惊14.不确定性回避15. 概念意义16.语用错误17. 礼貌原则18.归纳法19. 空间语言20.礼仪与礼节III. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共20 分）1. Understanding another culture .a. enables businesspeople to know why foreign associatesbelieve and act as they dob. is best achieved through “do’s and don’ts” listsc. is important for businesspeople because they can appearto be better informedd. isn’t necessary for businesspeople2. Non-linear languages .a. are objectorientedb. see time as a continuum of present, pastand future c. are circular, traditionoriented and subjectived. lead to short-range planning in business practices3. Which statement about values is incorrecta. V alues are social principles, goals, or standards acceptedby persons in a culture.b. V alues are learned by contacts with family members,teachers, and religious leaders.c. V alues will be influenced by what is seen ontelevision or read in newspapers.d. People in various cultures have basically similar values.4. People from cultures that follow the monochronic timesystem tend to a. d o one thing at a time.b. be committed to people.c. borrow and lend thingsoften. d. build lifetimerelationships.5. Which statement regarding haptics is incorrecta. In Thailand, it is offensive totouch the head. b. Japan isconsidered a "don't touch" culture.c. Greece is considered a "touch" culture.d. In Latin American countries, touching between men isunacceptable.6. The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly definedprivileges is .a. a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipb. a view of group orientation structure of socialrelationshipc. a view of individual orientation structure ofsocial relationship d. none of the above7. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someonefrom another culture include all of the following except:a. politics is a safe topic inmost cultures. b.avoid telling jokes.c. avoid personal questions.d. keep the conversation positive.8. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshakea. In the ., a handshake should befirm. b. An Asian handshake isusually gentle.c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival anddeparture. d. A British handshake is firm and repeatedfrequently.9. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrecta. Asians typically use the inductive method ofreasoning. b. Thought patterns impact oralcommunication.c. When using the deductive method of reasoning, one startswith the facts and goes to generalizations.d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important innegotiation withdifferentcultures.10. Which statement is incorrecta. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lackof knowledge of another culture's nonverbal communicationpatterns.b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same inall cultures.c. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbalmessages in intercultural encounters.d. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would beto watch the behavior of the persons you are talking withand match their style.11. Language is important because ita. helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, andcontrols how we perceive others.b. allows us to be understood byforeigners. c. is determined bycolonialism.d. is stable, easily understood, and freeof diversity.12. Which of the following countries uses high-context languagea. Canadab. Germanyc. Japand. UnitedStates13. Slang is generallya. understood byeveryone. b. spokenby the masses.c. easilytranslated.d. used bysubgroups.14. Nonverbal communication does not includea. chromatics.b. chronemics.c. haptics.d.semantics.15. Dominance, harmony, and subjugation are all value orientations that correspond to which of the following cultural problemsa. What is the nature of human beingsb. What is the relationship of humans to naturec. What is the orientation of humans to timed. What is the human orientation to activity16. Proverbs are significant to the study ofintercultural communication because .a. they provide a compact description of a culture’s valuesb. they tell a great deal about what a culture praisesand what it rejects c. they unite a people with the wisdomof their ancestorsd. all of the above17. Which statement highlights weak uncertaintyavoidance a. One group's truth should notbe imposed on others. b. Scientificopponents cannot be personal friends.c. Citizen protest should be repressed.d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.18. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is thata. language is just a device for reporting aperson's experience. b. t wo languages can representthe same social reality.c. the social reality can be conveyed to a person who doesnot speak the language.d. language functions as a way of shaping a person'sexperience.19. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can bealleviated by a. sending only top executives abroad.b. sending only young, single associates on overseasassignments. c. testing associates to see who is mostqualified.d. selecting employees for overseas assignments whopossess certain personal and professional qualifications.20. Which of the following statement is incorrecta. Knowing cultural variations in the use of silenceis helpful when conversing with persons in anotherculture.b. We need to keep things in perspective and not get offendedeach time we deal with someone who has a different attitudetoward touchingc. Good advice when communicating with persons in othercultures is to keep gestures to a minimumd. Although oral communication varies from culture to culture,non-verbal communication is almost always interpreted thesame in each culture.IV. Answer the following essay question. (共20 分)Compare and contrast the following proverbs from two different cultures: “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot” and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”How do people from these cultures perceive silence and talk In light of their different perceptions, how might they view each other What problems might arise in their interactionsV. Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective. (共 20 分)The following conversation took place between twoChinese friends.A: We’re going to New Orleans this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are yougoing to be thereA: Three days.B: Do you need a ride to the airport I’ll take you. A: Are you sure it’s not too much troubleB: No, no. It’s no trouble at all.Case Analysis: Analyze thefollowing conversation from an intercultural perspective.参考答案及评分标准A 卷VI. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Write Tfor “true” a nd F for “false”. （每题 1分，共 20 分）1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T7. T8. F9. F 10.T11. F 12. F 13. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20.FVII.Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共20 分）1. stereotypes 定势/刻板印象2. paralanguage 辅助语言/副语言3. ethnocentrism 民族中心主义4. masculinity 男性特征5. high-context culture 高语境文化6. monochronic time 单一时间观念7. speech act 言语行为8. conversation taboos 对话禁忌9. vocal qualifiers 声音修饰10. power distance 权力距离11. 译码 decoding 12. 偏见prejudice13. 文化震惊 cultural shock 14. 不确定性回避uncertaintyavoidance15. 概念意义 denotational meaning 16. 语用错误 pragmatic failure17. 礼貌原则 the Politeness Principle 18. 归纳法inductive pattern19. 空间语言 spatial language/proximics 20. 礼仪与礼节etiquetteand protocolVIII. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共 20 分）1. a2. a3. d4. a5. d6. a7. a8. d9. c 10.b11. a 12. c 13. d 14. d 15. b 16. d 17. a 18. d 19. d 20.dIX. Answer the following essay question. (共 20 分)测试重点： Compare and contrast the proverbs “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot”and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”The former is an English proverb while the latter is a Chinese proverb.In light of their different perceptions, the two cultures mightdiffer in terms of silence and talk etc. and problems might arise in their interactions.评分标准：从以上角度进行分析，其他根据具体答题情况酌情。