Soil-born nematode： required no intermediate st
总论（Generality)
二、分类 (Classification)
◆生物源性蠕虫：在发育过程中必须有中间宿主， 方能完成其生活史。其幼虫必须经过在中间宿主体 内的发育，才能感染新宿主。
Bio-born nematode： required intermediate host
似蚓蛔线虫（蛔虫）Ascaris lumbricoides
是种大型线虫， 寄生于人体的小肠 中引起蛔虫病，此 病呈世界性分布， 但发达国家的感染 率明显较低，如美 国为1%，而我国 农村为90%
Ascarismorphologyadult
Shape Color
Ascarismorphologyadult
Clinic Case
Figure 2: the transversal sections （横切面）of the A. lumbricoides larvae. Note the intestine (central), paired excretory columns and two proeminent lateral alae （侧线）(diagnostic aspects). The cuticle （表皮）is transversely striated.There is an intense infiltration by eosinophilic leukocytes （嗜酸性粒细胞） at the alveolar wall. (H&E x 400)
生
中间宿主
活
危害性
史
卵-幼虫-成虫 有/无 成虫 > 幼虫
线虫纲概述 (Generality for Nematoda)
◆土源性线虫：
线虫纲概述 (Generality for Nematoda)
◆生物源性线虫
丝虫（Filaria)
旋毛形线虫 (Trichinella sapiralis)
似蚓蛔线虫（蛔虫）
肛门 anus
Structure of alimentary tract
Ascarismorphologyadult
子宫 uterus 生殖孔 genital ora 输卵管 oviduct 卵巢 overy
Female genital system
Ascarismorphologyadult
角皮层cutin layer 皮下层endermic layer
第一篇 医学蠕虫 (Medical Helminth )
总论（Generality)
一、医学蠕虫定义(Definition of Helminth)
借肌肉的伸缩而蠕动，故名蠕虫， 与医学有关的蠕虫，被称为医学蠕虫。
总论（Generality)
二、分类 (Classification)
◆土源性蠕虫：这类蠕虫在发育过程中不需要中间 宿主，虫卵从终宿主排至外界，在土壤中发育为感 染阶段，直接经口或皮肤感染新宿主。
Loeffier‘s syndrome: cough, asthma（哮 喘）, low fever, biood-tinged sputum or hemoptysis（咯血）, chest-pain, inflammation shadows in lungs under Xray. These manifestations go on about 2 weeks.
卵细胞 oocyst
脱蛋白质膜的受精蛔虫卵(× 100 ) Fertilized egg without albuminous coat
总论（Generality)
医学蠕虫 (Medical Helminth )
• Nematoda 线虫 • Cestoda 绦虫 • Trematoda 吸虫
线虫纲概述 (Generality for Nematoda)
线虫
形状
线状/圆柱状
形
体腔
态
消化系统
生殖系统
原体腔 有口有肛门 雌雄异体
发育阶段
Clinic Case
Figure 1: the alveolar lumen of the lung（ 肺泡腔）with longitudinal sections （纵切面）of the A. lumbricoides larvae, associated with pneumonia. (H&E x200)
卵细胞 oocyst
卵壳
受精蛔虫卵 Fertilized egg (× 100)
Ascarismorphologyegg
受精蛔虫卵 Fertilized egg
形状 颜色 大小 内容物 卵壳
受精膜 壳质层 蛔甙层
Ascarismorphologyegg
卵壳 shell 半月型间隙 Crescent-shaped spacing
Ascaris lumbricoides
Clinic Case
• A 2 years old female child developed fever, chills, asthmatic attack （哮喘）and severe dyspnea（呼吸困难）. She died 5 days later, during the medical care urgency. The diagnosis was pneumonia, associated with Loeffier's syndrome.
乳突papillae 唇瓣 lip Structure of head (× 40)
Ascarismorphologyadult
交合刺
Stucture of tail (× 40)
Ascarismorphologyadult 口 ora 食道 gullet 肠 intestines
直肠 recta
侧线lateral alae 消化道 alimentary tract
纵肌层 transversal muscle layer
transversal sections
Ascarismorphologyegg
形状 颜色 大小 内容物
半月型间隙 Crescent-shaped spacing 蛋白膜 albuminous coat 卵壳 shell