Keyword of paragraph1： Steel structure
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Section A Steel Structure
2-1. Steel frame building consists of a skeletal frame work which carries all loads to which the building is subjected. It is made up of separate elements - beams, columns, portals, trusses, plates, bracing, purlins, etc.
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Section A Steel Structure
3-2. Structural engineers realized many years ago the fact that space structure requires less material than the conventional linear systems and that, if properly designed, prefabricated space structures can highly economical in cost.
Keyword of paragraph 2： elements
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Section A Steel Structure
3-1.One of the visible changes on steel structure is the remarkable trend towards greater use of space structures; this trend is growing as a result of architectural preference. This is partly due, no doubt, to reaction from beam-column systems of previous decades, but also due to the realization of the advantages of spaces structures.
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Section A Steel Structure
2-3.These elements must be joined together so as to be in position and carry loads without bulking out of the plane. Steel frame structures are extensively used in office, flat, industry, hospital, etc.
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Fig.1 Steel frame structure 4
Section A Steel Structure
2-2. Beams - members carrying lateral loads in bending and shear columns-members carrying axial loads in compressing and bending, portals and trusses-members carrying lateral loads, plates-members supporting wall, bracing, together with columns and trusses, resist wind loads and stabilize the building, purlinsmembers carrying roof sheet.
English for Civil Engineering Majors
Chapter 2 New Building Structure
Section A Steel Structure
Name：Li Jiayuan Number：2 Major：Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, CTGU. October ,2019
Keyword of paragraph 3：space structure
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Fig.2 Space structure
Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Scture
(Beijing National Aquatics Center ）
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Section A Steel Structure
1. Steel structure refers to a building in which steel plays the leading role. The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing. With the development of science and technology, the types of steel structure is growing. Steel frame building and space structure are within it.
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Section A Steel Structure
4.There are various types of space structures, differing in their behavior under load and requiring different methods of analysis. Double-layer grids are typical examples of space structures and also one of the most popular forms of space frames; they are frequently used nowadays all over the world for covering large-span industrial buildings, sports halls, churches, and exhibition centers.