金融经济专业词汇术语大全集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]经济金融术语汉英对照表A安全网safetynet按可比oncomparablebasis口径按轻重toprioritize缓急暗补implicitsubsidy暗亏hiddenlossB颁发营tolicense;tograntalicenceto业执照办理存totakedeposits款业务保护农民的生toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce产积极性备付金（超额excessreserves准备金）本外币consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts并账本外币对冲操sterilizationoperation作本位利localizedinterest;departmentalism益奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do避税（请见taxavoidance“逃税”）币种搭currencymismatch配不当币种构currencycomposition成变相社disguisedirregular（orillegal）fundraising会集资表外科off-balance-sheetitems（operation）目（业务）薄弱环weaknesses;loopholes节不变成fixedcost本不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms不动产realestate不良贷problemloans；non-performingloans（assets）款（资产）C财务公financecompanies司财政赤fiscaldeficit字财政挤fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）银行财政政策与货coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies币政策的配合采取循inaphasedandsequencedmanner序渐进的方法操作弹operationalflexibility性操纵汇tomanipulateexchangerate率产品构productcomposition;productmix成产品积stockpile;excessiveinventory压产销率currentperiodinventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/outputratio产销衔marketability接产业政industrialpolicy策长期国treasurybonds债敞口头openposition寸炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承购包underwrite（securities）销成套机completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）电产品城市信urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）用社城市合urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks作银行城市商municipalcommercialbanks业银行城乡居民收入realgrowthinhouseholdincome增长超过物价涨幅持续升persistentoverheating重复布duplicateprojects点重置成replacementcost本重组计restructuringplan划筹资渠fundingsources;financingchannels道初见成initialsuccess效出口统一管canalizationofexports理、归口经营出口退exporttaxrebate税储蓄存householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

）款储蓄分diversionofhouseholddeposits流储源萎declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings缩传导机transmissionmechanism制从价税advaloremtax从紧控tightcontrol制存贷款loan/depositratio比例存款保depositinsurancesystem险体系存款货depositmoneybanks币银行存款准requiredreserves备金D打白条issueIOU大额存certificateofdeposit（CD）单大额提withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts现大面积wide-spreaddecline滑坡大一统的银行（all-in-one）mono-banksystem体制呆账（请见badloans“坏账”）呆账准loanlossreserves（provisions）呆滞贷idleloans款贷款沉non-performingloans淀贷款分loanclassification类贷款限creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling额管理贷款约creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism束机制代理国toactasfiscalagent库代理金融机构makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions贷款戴帽贷ear-markedloans款倒逼机reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition 制道德风moralhazard险地区差regionaldisparity别第一产theprimaryindustry业第二产thesecondaryindustry业第三产theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry业递延资deferrableassets产订货不insufficientorders足定期存timedeposits款定向募raisingfundsfromtargetedsources集东道国（请见hostcountry“母国”）独立核independentaccounting算短期国treasurybills债对冲操sterilizationoperation;hedging作对非金claimsonnon-financialsector融部门债权多种所diversifiedownership有制形E恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondarymarketF发行货币toissuecurrency发行总股本totalstockissue法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股东institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地产投资realestateinvestment放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure风险管理riskmanagement风险意识riskawareness风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges扶贫povertyalleviation负增长negativegrowth复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount G改革试点reformexperimentation杠杆率leverageratio杠杆收leveragedbuyout购高息集toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest资个人股non-institutionalshares根本扭fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）转公开市openmarketoperations场操作公款私depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts存公用事publicutilities业公有经thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector济公有制publicownership工业成profit-to-costratio本利润率工业增industrialvalueadded加值供大于supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply求鼓励措incentives施股份合joint-equitycooperativeenterprises作企业股份制joint-equityenterprises企业股份制joint-equitybanks银行固定资fixedassetloans产贷款关税减tariffreductionandexemption免关税减tariffconcessions让关税优tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment 惠规范行toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior为规模效economiesofscale益国计民nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood生国家对othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals个人其他支出国家风countryrisk险国际分internationaldivisionoflabor工国际收balanceofpayments支国有独whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks资商业银行国有经济（部thestate-owned（orpublic）sector门）国有企state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）业国有制state-ownership国有资erosionofstateassets产流失国债回governmentsecuritiesrepurchase购国债一primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities级自营商过度竞excessivecompetition争过度膨excessiveexpansion胀过热迹signsofoverheating象H合理预rationalexpectation期核心资corecapital本合资企joint-ventureenterprises业红利dividend宏观经soundmacroeconomicperformance济运营良好宏观经济基本macroeconomicfundamentals状况宏观调macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）控宏观调macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）控目标坏账baddebt还本付debtservice息换汇成unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings 本汇兑在fundsinfloat途汇兑支advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank 出汇率并unificationofexchangerates轨活期存demanddeposits款汇率失exchangeratemisalignment调混合所diversified（mixed）ownership有制货币政monetarypolicystance策态势货款拖overdueobligationstosuppliers欠J基本建investmentininfrastructure设投资基本经economicfundamentals济要素基本适broadlyappropriate度基准利benchmarkinterestrate率机关团depositsofnon-profitinstitutions体存款机会成opportunitycost本激励机incentivemechanism制积压严heavystockpile;excessiveinventory重挤提存runonbanks款挤占挪unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）用技改投investmentintechnologicalupgrading资技术密集型产technology-intensiveproduct品计划单municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus列市计划经plannedeconomy济集体经thecollectivesector济加大结tointensifystructuraladjustment构调整力度加工贸processingtrade易加快态acceleratingtrend势加强税toenhancetaxadministration收征管稽查加权价weightedaverageprice价格放priceliberalization开价格形pricingmechanism成机制减亏toreducelosses简化手tocutredtape;tosimplify（streamline）procedures续交投活brisktrading跃缴存准todepositrequiredreserves备金结构扭structuraldistortion曲结构失structuralimbalance调结构性acutestructuralimbalance矛盾突出结构优structuralimprovement（optimization）化结汇、saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange售汇金融脆financialfragility弱金融动financialturbulence荡金融风financialdisturbance波金融恐financialpanic慌金融危financialcrisis机金融压financialrepression抑金融衍financialderivatives生物金融诈financialfraud骗紧缩银totightenmonetarypolicy根紧缩政austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies策经常账currentaccountconvertibility户可兑换经济特specialeconomiczones（SEZs）区经济体economicreform制改革经济增changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）长方式的转变经济增economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth 长减速经济制economicsanction裁经营自autonomyinmanagement主权景气回recoveryinbusinessactivity升境外投overseasinvestment资竞争加intensifyingcompetition剧局部性localized（isolated）financialdisturbance 金融风波K开办人toengageinRMBbusiness民币业务可维持（可持sustainableeconomicgrowth续）经济增长可变成variablecost本可自由freelyconvertiblecurrency兑换货币控制现controlcurrencyissuance金投放扣除物inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis价因素库存产inventory品跨国银cross-borderbanking行业务跨年度cross-yearprocurement采购会计准accountingstandard则L来料加processingofimportedmaterialsforexport工离岸银off-shorebanking（business）行业务理顺外torationalizeforeigntraderegime贸体制利率杠杆的调theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation 节作用利润驱profit-driven动利息回interestcollectionratio收率联行清inter-banksettlement算连锁企franchise（businesses）;chainbusinesses业良性循virtuouscycle环两极分growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution化零售物retailpriceindex（RPI）价指数流动性liquidityratio比例流动资产周转velocityofliquidassets率/流通速度流动资workingcapitalloans金贷款流通体distributionsystem制流通网distributionnetwork络留购（租赁期满时hirepurchase承租人可购买租赁物）垄断行monopolizedindustry（sector）业乱集资irregular（illegal）fundraising乱收费irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）leviesM买方市buyer'smarket场卖方市seller'smarket场卖出回matchedsaleofrepo购证券贸易差tradebalance额民间信non-institutionalizedcredit用免二减exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears 三明补explicitsubsidy明亏explicitloss名牌产brandproducts品母国（请见homecountry“东道国”）N内部控internalcontrol制内部审internalaudit计内地与themainlandandHongKong香港内债domesticdebt扭亏为toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone 盈扭曲金distortedallocationoffinancialresources融分配农副产outlaysforagriculturalprocurement品采购支出农村信ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）用社P泡沫效bubbleeffect应泡沫经bubbleeconomy济培育新totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth的经济增长点片面追excessivepursuitofgrowth求发展速度平衡发balanceddevelopment展瓶颈制bottleneck（constraints）约平稳回steadyrecovery升铺底流initial（start-up）workingcapital动资金普遍回broad-basedrecovery升配套改concomitant（supporting）reforms革配套人localcurrencyfundingof…民币资金Q企业办enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities 社会企业集corporategroupstrategy团战略企业兼companymergerandrestructuring并重组企业领enterprisemanagement导班子企业所enterprise（corporate）incometax得税企业效corporateprofitability益企业资金违规irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket 流入股市欠税taxarrears欠息overdueinterest强化税tostrengthentaxadministration收征管强制措enforcementaction施翘尾因carryovereffect素切一刀partialapplication清理收cleanupandrecoverloans回贷款（破liquidation产）清算倾斜政preferentialpolicy策区别对differentialtreatment待趋势加intensifyingtrend强全球化globalization权益回returnsonequity（ROE）报率缺乏后unsustainablemomentum劲R绕规模tocircumventcreditceiling贷款人均国percapitaGDP内生产总值人均收percapitaincome入人民币upwardpressureontheRenminbi（exchangerate）升值压力认缴资subscribedcapital本软贷款softloans软预算softbudgetconstraint约束软着陆softlandingS三角债chaindebts;inter-enterprisearrears善政廉goodgovernance政商业贷commercialloans款上市公（publicly）listedcorporations司设备利capacityutilization用社会保socialsafetynet;socialsecurity（insurance）障深层次deep-rootedstructuralimbalance矛盾审批金tolicensefinancialinstitutions融机构审慎监prudentialsupervision管生产能unutilizedcapacity力闲置生息资interest-bearingassets产实际利disbursementofforeigncapital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment用外资实际有realeffectiveexchangerate效汇率实时realtime实收资paid-incapital本实现利realizedprofit润市场分marketsegmentation割市场经marketeconomy济市场占有率marketshare（市场份额）市场准marketaccess（指商品和劳务的进入）；marketentry（指机构的审批）入市价总marketcapitalization值适度从appropriatelytight紧适时调timelyadjustment节收回对torecallcentralbankloans（tofinancialinstitutions）金融机构贷款税后还amortization（repaymentofloans）aftertax贷税收流taxerosion失税源不weaktaxbase足私营经济（私theprivatesector人经济）私有制privateownership所有者owner'sequity权益T逃税（请见taxevasion“避税”）套汇（1）指合法：currencyswap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegalpurchaseofforeignexchange 剔除季节性因seasonallyadjusted素调节流toinfluenceliquiditylevel动性贴现窗discountwindow口同比onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear同业拆inter-bankborrowing（lending）借（放）同业拆借市场CHIBOR（Chinainter-bankofferedrate）利率（中国）同业融inter-bankfinancingbills通票据同业往inter-banktransactions来透支overdraft退税taxrefund（rebate）头寸position吞吐基adjustmentofmonetarybase础货币脱媒现disintermediation象W外部审externalaudit计外国直foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）接投资外汇储foreignexchangereserves备外汇调foreignexchangeswap剂外汇占theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings 款外向型export-orientedeconomy经济外债externaldebt外资企foreign-fundedenterprises业完善现toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem代企业制度完税凭taxpaymentdocumentation证违法经illegalbusiness营委托存entrusteddeposits款稳步增steadygrowth长稳健的银行系asoundbankingsystem统稳中求tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability进无纸交book-entry（orpaperless/scriptless）transaction易物价监pricemonitoring测X吸纳流toabsorbliquidity动性稀缺经scarcityeconomy济洗钱moneylaundering系统内fundallocationwithinabank调度系统性金融危systemicfinancialcrisis机下岗工laid-offemployees人下游企down-streamenterprises业现场稽on-siteexamination核现金滞留（居cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem民手中）乡镇企townshipandvillageenterprises（TVEs）消费物consumerpriceindex（CPI）价指数消费税excise（consumption）tax消灭财tobalancethebudget;toeliminatefiscaldeficit政赤字销货款reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsystem回笼销售平lacklustersales淡协议外committedamountofforeigninvestment资金额新经济newsourcesofeconomicgrowth增长点新开工newprojects;newlystartedprojects项目新增贷incrementalcredit;loanincrement;creditgrowth;creditexpansion 款新增就newjobs;newjobopportunities业位置信贷规reviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings模考核信号失distortedsignals真信托投trustandinvestmentcompanies资公司信息不informationasymmetry对称信息反feedback（information）馈信息共informationsharingsystem享系统信息披informationdisclosure露信用扩credirexpansion张信用评creditrating级姓“资”pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialistorcaptialist还是姓“社”行政措administrativemeasures施需求膨demandexpansion;excessivedemand胀虚伪存window-dressingdeposits款削减冗toshedexcesslaborforce员寻租rentseeking迅速反quickreboundY养老基pensionfund金一刀切universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplementation一级市primarymarket场应收未overdueinterest收利息银行网bankingoutlets点赢利能profitability力营业税businesstax硬贷款commercialloans（商业贷款）用地审tograntlanduseright批有管理managedfloatingexchangerate的浮动汇率证券投portfolioinvestment资游资hotmoney（热钱）有市场marketableproducts的产品有效供effectivesupply给诱发新一轮经triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion济扩张逾期贷overdueloans;past-dueloans款与国际tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyaccepted惯例接轨与国际tointegratewiththeworldmarket市场接轨预算外支出off-budget（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）（收入）预调pre-emptiveadjustment月环比onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasisZ再贷款centralbanklending在国际reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions 金融机构储备在人行depositsat（with）thecentralbank存款在途资fundinfloat金增加农toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture业投入增势减decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum缓增收节revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmeasures支措施增长平steadygrowth稳增值税value-addedtax（VAT）涨幅偏higher-than-desirablegrowthrate;excessivegrowth高账外账concealedaccounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchment;consolidation政策工policyinstrument具政策性policy-relatedoperations业务政策性policybanks银行政策组policymix合政府干governmentintervention预证券交settlementofsecuritiestransactions易清算证券业fundingofsecuritiespurchase务占款支付困paymentdifficulty难支付能paymentcapacity力直接调toincreasetherelianceonindirectpolicyinstruments控方式向间接调控方式transformationoffunctions转变职能转换职业道professionalethics德指令性mandatorymeasures措施指令性mandatoryplan;administeredplan计划制定和toconductmonetarypolicy;toformulateandimplementmonetarypolicy 实施货滞后影响laggedeffect中介机构intermediaries中央与地方财政delineationoffiscalresponsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设keyconstructionprojects;keyinvestmentproject周期谷底bottom（trough）ofbusinesscycle周转速度velocity主办银行mainbank主权风险sovereignrisk注册资本registeredcapital逐步到位tophasein;phasedimplementation逐步取消tophaseout抓大放小toseizethebigandfreethesmall（tomaintaincloseoversightonthelargestate-ownedenterprisesandsubjectsmalleronestomarketcompetition）专款专用useoffundsasear-marked转贷on-lending转轨经济transitioneconomy转机turnaround转折关头turningpoint准财政赤字quasi-fiscaldeficit准货币quasi-money资本不足under-capitalized资本充足率capitaladequacyratio资本利润率returnoncapital资本账户可兑换capitalaccountconvertibility资不抵债insolvent;insolvency资产负债表balancesheet资产负liability/assetratio;ratioofliabilitiestoassets资产集assetconcentration中资产贡assetcontributionfactor献率资产利returnonassets（ROA）润率资产质assetquality量资产组assetportfolio合资金成costoffunding;costofcapital;financingcost本资金到fullyfunded（project）位资金宽tohavesufficientfunds裕资金利fundutilizationrate用率资金缺financinggap口资金体financialdisintermediation外循环资金占fundstiedup压自筹投self-financedprojects资项目自有资equityfund金综合国overallnationalstrength（oftenmeasuredbyGDP）力综合效overallefficiencyindicator益指标综合治comprehensiveadjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul 理总成交totalcontractvalue额总交易totalamountoftransactions量总成本totalcost最后贷lenderoflastresort款人。