2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of them I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach each its due weigh. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of techniques. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed in enormously lowering the infant death-rate in the world. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race. Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.【答案】【参考译文】大多数人会认同，虽然我们现在的时代在知识方面超过了以前的任何一个时代，但在智慧方面并没有相应的增长。
但是，一旦我们试图给智慧下定义并想办法提升智慧，达成一致的意见就不复存在。
有几个因素有助于增长智慧。
其中，我首先要讲的是一种比例感，即在一个问题中考虑到所有重要因素，并给予每个因素应有的份量的能力。
这比过去更加困难，因为各种技术需要更加广泛和复杂的专业知识。
例如，假设你正在参与医学科学的研究，这工作很可能需要你全身心投入，你没有时间考虑你的发现或发明在医学领域之外可能产生的影响。
你大幅度地降低了世界上婴儿的死亡率，这也造成了完全意想不到的结果：世界上人口最多的地区粮食供应不足，生活水平降低。
再举一个更生动的例子，你研究原子的组成是出于对知识的渴望，无关利害，却无意中让势力强大、又丧心病狂的人掌握了毁灭人类的方法。
因此，随着知识和技能的每一次增长，智慧就变得越发必要，因为知识和技能的每一次增长都会提高我们实现目标的能力。
因此，如果我们动机不纯，也会提高我们作恶的能力。
2.填空题Animal behavior was studied as a discipline on its own, and human behavior was studied similarly in relatively isolation. However, behavioral traits in animals and in humans may under certain circumstances have profound effects onABCbreeding patterns and mate selection.D【答案】B relatively改为relative【解析】【考查点】定语。
【解题思路】在B部分中，isolation“孤立状态”是名词，应该用形容词作为定语修饰名词，所以此处应为relative“相比较而言的”。
【句意】动物行为是作为一门独立的学科来研究的，人类行为也是在相对孤立的环境中研究的。
然而，在某些情况下，动物和人类的行为特征可能会对繁殖模式和配偶选择产生深远的影响。
3.填空题The situation comedy (or sitcom) depends on audience ________ with recurring characters and conditions to explore life in the home, workplace, or some other common location. (familiar)【答案】familiarity【解析】【考查点】名词。
【解题思路】根据动词短语depends on，可知audience ________为名词短语，familiarity的意思为“熟悉”，符合语境，指的是观众对情景喜剧的反应需要看他们对情景喜剧中的角色和环境有多熟悉。
【句意】情景喜剧要看观众对反复出现的角色和用来探索家庭、工作场所及其他常见场所的生活环境有多熟悉。
4.填空题Asian American children of high school age generally outscore other students on the ScholasticAAptitude Test. They make up a disproportionate large segment of student bodies in the most prominentBC Dcolleges and universities.【答案】C disproportionate改为disproportionately【解析】【考查点】副词。
【解题思路】large为形容词，应该用副词修饰，所以用disproportionately正确。
【句意】亚裔美国高中生在学业能力倾向测试中的得分普遍高于其他学生。
在最著名的学院和大学里，他们在学生群体中所占比例相当大。
5.填空题There are signs that specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—and all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’sABCDplace is in the home. 【答案】C and all the blame改为nor all the blame【解析】【考查点】句间逻辑。
【解题思路】前面说到意识到男性的作用，可知后面表达的意思是不要把女性的作用放得那么大，也就是不要把功过都归结于女性，not receive all the credit对应的应该是nor all the blame。
【句意】有迹象表明，家庭专家越来越意识到男性所起的作用，他们认为不应该把所有的功劳都归于女性，也不应该把所有的过错都归女性。
我们几乎放弃了“女性应该呆在家里”的说法。
6.单选题Those who anticipate price changes correctly can often gain financially from their foresight. 问题1选项A.forecastB.visionC.estimateD.talent【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. forecast 预测，预报B. vision 眼力，远见卓识C. estimate （对数量、成本等的）估计，估价D. talent 天资，天赋【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】foresight的意思为“深谋远虑，先见之明”，指的是有先见之明的人可以正确预测价格变化，因此就可以获得可观的经济收益，强调对事物发展的洞察力，vision与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】那些正确预测价格变化的人往往能从他们的远见中获得经济利益。
7.单选题Experts said that many ailments associated with a loss of normal tissue may be treatable inthis manner.问题1选项A.symptomsB.faultsC.risksD.disorders【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. symptoms 症状B. faults 责任，过错C. risks 危险，风险D. disorders 不适，疾病【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。