Tip 2 Express your purpose as a statement, not
as a question 陈述句
• Ineffective: Is China’s space program necessary?
More effective:
To persuade my audience that China’s space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth.
Selecting a topic
Speeches outside the classroom the occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualifications
Speeches in the public speaking class no designated topic
Limited in scope dividing the topic into several significant parts.
Determining your purpose
General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标
To inform: convey information enhance the knowledge and understanding
speech.). 简单的肯定句
Topic: Emergencies General purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the major
steps in responding to an emergency
Tip 3 Avoid figurative language比喻语 言
To inform my audience that yoga is extremely cool.
To inform my audience how yoga can improve their health.
Tip 4 Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea, or one main point
What is a suitable speech topic?
Worthwhile Appropriate Limited in scope
Suitable topic
Worthwhile significant implications for the audience
Appropriate know a lot, like to learn more
To inform my audience about the recent testing procedures for HIV infection.
Tip 5 Make sure your specific purpose is not too
vague or general
Example
Ineffective: To persuade my audience that something must be
kinds of calend来自rs used in the world today.
历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦 即太阳历，主要根据地球绕太阳一周为一年，现 时国际通用的公历（格里历）即为阳历的一种， 亦简称为阳历；阴历亦称月亮历，主要根据月亮 绕地球运行一周时间为一个月（29.59059天），大 月30天，小月29天，一年12个月354天或355天，伊 斯兰历即为阴历的一种；阴阳历以月亮绕地球一 周为1个月，但设置闰月，使得一年的平均天数与 太阳年的天数相符，因此这种历法与月相相符， 也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。农历就是阴阳 历的一种。
Tips for formulating the specific purpose statement
Tip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a
fragment（片段） Calendars To inform my audience about the three major
Explain ←→ exhort
Specific Purpose
Specific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her
• Ineffective: To inform my audience about the developments of AIDS and
the recent testing procedures for HIV infection. • More effective: To persuade my audience about the developments of AIDS.
To persuade: advocate or partisan Change or structure the attitudes or actions
Difference: explain or exhort
Specific purpose 具体目标 to inform my audience about… to persuade my audience to …
Chapter 2
Selecting a topic and purpose
Today’s schedule
Choosing a topic Determining the purpose Tips for formulating the specific purpose Phrasing the central idea