注：教师讲稿附后Lesson one Public Speaking A B CWhy study public speakingIncrease personal and social abilitiesPublic speaking provides training in a variety of personal and social competencies. For example, self-awareness, self-confidence and dealing with the fear of communicating.Enhance your academic and career skillsAs you learn public speaking, you also will learn a wide variety of academic and career skills.These skills are central, but not limited, to public speaking. A few additional abilities that you should refine during this course that will help you throughout your career are the abilities to: ✓Explain complex concepts clearly✓Support an argument with all the available means of persuasion✓Understand human motivation and be able to use your insights in persuasive encounters ✓Organize a variety of messages for clarity and persuasivenessRefine your general communication abilitiesPublic speaking also will develop and refine your general communication abilities by helping you to improve competencies such as:✓Developing a more effective communication style✓Enhancing your self-concept and self-esteem✓Adjusting message to specific listeners✓Detecting and responding to feedback✓Developing logical and emotional appeals✓Building and communicating your credibilityIncrease your public speaking abilitiesWhat is public speaking?“A man speaking is four things,…First, he is a will, an intention, a meaning which he wishes others to have, a thought; second, he is a user of language, molding thought and feeling into words; third, he is a thing to be heard, carrying his purpose and words to others through voice; and last he is a thing to be seen, shown to the sight, a being of action to be noted and read through the eye.”--Woolbert“Speech is thought conceived, transmitted, and expressed by brain, voice, and body, producing stimuli for auditors and for the speaker himself and influencing subsequent thoughts, feelings and actions.” WilsonPublic Speaking Vs ConversationPurpose: both communicate with a certain purposeAudience: a public speech is usually directed at more listeners.Feedback: public speaking is relatively uninterrupted discourse.Delivery: public speaking requires intensified volume of voice and bodily action.Materials and organization: public speeches are mostly prepared ones. Impromptu speeches are rare.The essentials of a speechObjective:Before you start to prepare a speech, you would ask yourself: “Why am I making this speech? Do you need to inform, to persuade, to train or to sell? ”Your objective should be clear in your mind. If it is not clear in your mind, it cannot possibly be clear to your audience. Audience: “Whom am I making this speech to?” Sometimes this will be obvious, but not always. You should try to inform yourself. How many people? Who are they? Business people? Professional people? Political people? Experts or non-experts? Will it be a small, intimate group of 4 colleagues or a large of 400 competitors? How much do they know already and what will they expect from you?Place: Where am I making this speech? In a small hotel meeting-room or a large conference hall? What facilities and equipment are available? What are the seating arrangements?Time and length: When am I making this speech? How long will it be? Will it be 5 minutes or one hour? Just before lunch, when your audience will be hungry, or just after lunch, when your audience will be sleepy?Method: How should I make this speech? What approach should you use? Formal or informal? Lots of visual aids or only a few? Will you include some anecdotes and humor for variety? Content: What should I say? Now you must decide exactly what you want to say. First, you should brainstorm your ideas. You will no doubt discover many ideas that you want to include in your speech. But you must be selective. You should include only information that is relevant to your audience and your objective. You should exclude all other ideas. You also need to create a title for your speech. The title will help you to focus on the subject. You can always give additional information during the questions after the speech.Notes: When you give your speech, you should be—or appear to be as spontaneous as possible. You should not read your speech! You should be so familiar with your subject and with the information that you want to deliver. Reading a text is boring, and will make your audience go to sleep. So if you do not have a text to read, how can you remember to say everything you need to say? The answer is WITH NOTES! You can create your own system of notes, Some people make notes on small, A6 cards. Some write down just the title of each section of their talk. The notes will give you confidence, but because you will have prepared your speech fully, you may not even need them.Rehearsal: You will become more familiar with what you want to say;You will identify weaknesses in your speech.You will be able to practice difficult pronunciations;You will be able to check the time that your speech takes and make any necessarymodifications.Rehearsal is a vital part of preparation. You should leave time to practice you speech two or three times. Even the great speaker sometimes will be in panic and slip into a bathroom forpractice before making a speech.Ten steps for preparationStep 1---Select a topic for your speechUse audience centered approach to select your topicStep 2---Determine your specific purpose, central idea and main pointsUse the audience centered approach as you compose these.Step 3---Research your speechInternet resourcesStep 4---Be audience centered----Audience analysis; Who is your audience and what are their needs?Step 5---Supporting your speechUse support materials that are: pertinent, varied, sufficient, detailed, appropriateStep 6---Outlining your speechUse the basic informative outline to organize materialsStep 7---Select visual aids for your speechBe familiar with the Guidelines and tips for using visual aidsStep 8---Practicing your speechPerfect practice makes perfect.Step 9---Using creative visualization to ensure a successful speech.Tips on using visualization to help prepare you for your presentationStep 10---Presenting your speech on speech dayTips on giving effective presentations and tips on dealing with nervousness.Practice your speech, you can try these ways:1.practice alonee a mirror3.stand in a corner4.record your practicee a friendly audience6.。