The grim reality for war (below the surface)
The Old Man and the Sea: Life from death
Pride as the source of greatness and determination
chaos and brutality and violence crime and death sport hard drinking sexual promiscuity（性乱交）
Death in the Afternoon first
appear
the facts float above water; the supporting structure and symbolism operate out-of-sight.
“Good literary writing should be able to make readers feel the emotion of the characters directly ……without conventionally emotive language, and with a bare minimum of adjectives and adverbs.”
Writing style Colloquial: influenced by Mark Twain: ungrammatical and conversational Concise: influenced by Ezra Pound: short and simple sentences
Get the most from the least
The Sun Also Rises
First important novel The Lost Generation
A Farewell to Arms
Brought international fame
For Whom the Bell Tolls
nominated for a Pulitzer Prize
Ernest Hemingway
(1899-1961)
-----a man can be destroyed but not defeated
Life
Father: fond of hunting, cooking, fishing influence
Boy: liked boxing and football and wrote light verse and humorous stories.
Across the River and into the Trees considered that his talent was dead
The Old Man and the Sea
The Nobel Prize
Whole literary Life
For Whom the Bell Tolls
Brevity, vivid image, rich emotion, profound thought （Four basic elements of Iceberg Theory）
Theme A Farewell to Arms:
The relationship between love and pain (on the surface)
A Farewell to Arms
The Old Man and the Sea
The Sun Also Rises
In Our Time
Italian front Seriously injured
Across the River and into the Trees
Shot himself
1961
influence Style of living as an adult and books abound in sports
As an ambulance driver in Italian front during WWⅠ,
seriously wounded.
As a war correspondence in WWⅡ
They were “lost” because after the war many of them were disillusioned with the world in general and unwilling to move into a settled life.
B
Hemingway Hero
Hemingway Hero is not a thinker, is a man of action, but his actions are based upon a concept of life.
B
简洁的文字，鲜明的形象，丰富的情感和深刻的思 想－－四个基本要素
Iceberg Theory----a theory of omist appear
One who, wounded but strong, more sensitive, enjoys the pleasures (sex, alcohol, sport) of life in face of ruin and death and maintains, through some notion of a code, an ideal of himself.
Deliberate and polished, never natural as it seems to be
War experiences
influence
Provide background for the book A Fare well to Arms
＆
His major part of writing
Major Works In Our Time
Collection of short stories Hemingway hero-Nick Adams
1952 1950 1940 1929 1926 1925 1918
Lost Generation
Hemingway Hero
Iceberg Theory
Lost Generation
They were a generation devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization that was traditionally American.