中国矿业（北京）2011年博士入学考试题考试科目：英语Part One Cloze (15 points)Directions: Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word.One word that you might have learned when you were studying about sound is frequency. Frequency means 1 fast the sound wave vibrates. Faster vibrations produce 2 pitched sounds. The notes in a musical scale indicate the 3 or frequency of the sound. 4 word that can describe a sound is intensity. Intensity 5 to the amount of energy in a sound wave, and it 6 a sound’s loudness. Printed music will often include notes about how loud or 7 to play each section of the music. Timbre is another 8 used to describe musical sounds. It describes how the same note will have 9 sounds when played 10 different instruments. For example the same note may sound soft and pretty when played on a flute, 11 strong and brassy when played on a trumpet. The timbre of a note comes from both the actual note 12 is played 13 also its overtones, 14 are other higher and lower sounds that are produced 15 the same time.Part Two Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are five passages, each followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the following passage.The last of the dinosaurs lived during a time called the Cretaceous period. This time period lasted from about 135 million to 65.5 million years ago. Some sources give the years of 146,145, or 144 million to 65 million years ago.In the Cretaceous period, the middle of North America was covered by a shallow sea. The Atlantic Ocean began opening up between Europe and North America as those continents rifted. Other continents that had begun pulling away from each other in the Jurassic continued drifting apart. India was an island by itself.Evergreen trees, mosses, and ferns had been the main types of plants, but now in the Cretaceous, flowering plants appeared. Bees did, too. Hardwood trees like oaks and maples first appeared in the fossil record.Modem bi and Triceratops came into existence. So did other ceratopsian dinosaurs, relatives of Triceratops, with their wide variety of facial horns and neck frills. Great herds of perhaps 10,000 Triceratops roamed the edges of the North American Inland Sea. The climate began to cool.At the end of the Cretaceous, another mass extinction wiped out as much as 90 percent of marine life and 50 percent of life on land. There were no more dinosaurs after the end of the Cretaceous, at about 65.5 million years ago. The Cenozoic era, also called the Age of Mammals, began.16. The mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period .A. killed all the dinosaursB. killed half of all life on landC. killed as much as 90 percent of marine lifeD. all of the above17. Continents in the Cretaceous period were .A. drifting apartB. moving towards each otherC. in the same locations as they are todayD. none of the above18. The author’s main purpose for writing this was to.A. informB. entertainC. warnD. persuadePassage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the following passage.Physical therapy is the treatment of people of all ages with injured or diseased muscles, arms, or legs. Physical therapists, or PTs as they are often called, treat patients with exercise and massage. PTs do not use medicine to treat patients. Sometimes water or heat therapies are used for treatment as well. Physical therapy helps an injured or sick person move with less pain and stress.PTs are not medical doctors, but doctors often refer patients to physical therapists to help patients recover from injuries or deal with diseases. A PT studies the patient’s medical records. Then he or she develops a treatment plan to improve the patient’s ability to move the injured limb. PTs work with patients to strengthen damaged orweakened musartificial limb. Therapists want patients to be able to do as many daily activities as they possibly can. The PT keeps a record of the patient’s p rogress. Treatments are changed according to the patient’s needs and rate of progress.Physical therapists must graduate from a physical therapy program at a college or university. A four year baccalaureate degree is required. In addition, a master’s degre e requires two to two and one-half more years. A doctorate degree requires three years.Physical therapists must pass a national and/or state exam to get a license. Some PTs work in hospitals, nursing homes, or doctors，offices. Some PTs travel to patients' homes to work with patients who are homebound. Some PTs work in schools, health clubs, or with sports teams. PTs may specialize in a certain field, such as sports medicine, working with athletes. They might choose cardiology, working, with patients with heart disease or defects. They might choose the field of pediatrics if they like working with children.If you are a person who likes people and wants to help them improve their lives, you might like to be a physical therapist. If so, you should have strong communication and interpersonal skills. Above all, compassion is a required character trait for a PT.19. Physical therapists' helps patients get better.A. dietsB. medicinesC. surgeryD. training20. Which of these people would probably benefit most from physical therapy?A. A doctor who is tired from working long hours.B. A child who doesn’t like to take medicineC. An athlete who has torn a muscleD. An athlete with cuts and bruises21. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Job description for a physical therapistB. Job requirements for a physical therapist.C. Job training and education for a physical therapistD. All of the above22. Which of these is an opinion and not a fact?A. Some PTs travel to patients' homes.B. Physical therapists have a rewarding job.C. Physical therapists first need a college degree.D. Physical therapists must pass an exam to get a license.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 26 are based on the following passage.This amazing woman was born a poor German princess and became one of Russia’s greatest emperors.She was born Princess Sophia August Frederika on May 2, 1729, in the Baltic seaport town of Stettin, then a part of German Pomerania. Her father was an obscure German military prince named Christian August, and her mother was Princess Joanna Elizabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. Her father was ruler of the tiny principality of Anhalt-Zerbst, but the greater part of his life was spent as an officer in the service of Prussia.In 1744, she arrived in Moscow with her mother to marry Peter, the Grand Duke of Holstein, grandson of Peter the Great and heir to the Russian throne (later Peter Ⅲ). Their marriage was an unhappy one. Catherine (now baptized into the Russian Orthodox Church under that name) spent much of her time preparing for her future reign.In 1761, Peter was crowned emperor. Supported by the Russian military, Catherine overthrew Peter in 1762 and became Catherine II. She quickly began to make changes in government and society based on ideas learned from French-philosophers of the Enlightenment and the authors of ancient Rome.She was a friend of Voltaire and other European writers, and wrote stories and plays. She supported French writer and philosopher Denis Diderot when he was broken-she bought his library, hired him to look after it at his own house, for which she paid him a salary for the next 50 years in advance.Catherine patronized the arts, music and education, and she put millions of rubles into the creation of the Hermitage Museum, which today is the delight of Russia and the world. No other Russian monarch appreciated beauty as much as Catherine. She set the stage for the emergence of a national Russian culture that would become something unique and wonderful in the 19th century.Catherine established the first schools for women, including the Smolny Institute for in Petersburg. Also, Russia's first public schools and universities were founded duringher reign.Her rule was one of the most prosperous periods of the Russian Empire. She undertook a wide range of internal political reforms, waged two successful wars against the Ottoman Empire and occupied vast territories on Russia's southern boundaries, eventually advancing th e country’s border to t he Black Sea.23. How old was Catherine when she arrived in Russia to marry Grand Duke Peter of Holstein?A. 21B. 15C. 13D. Not mentioned24. How did Catherine become ruler of Russia?A. Her father died.B. The people of Russia chose her.C. She inherited the title from her cousin.D. She used force to take over the government25. Catherine learned from .A. ancient Roman authorsB. Russian arts, music and educationC. French philosophers of the EnlightenmentD. European writers such as Voltaire and Diderot26. During her reign, .A. Russia became a military superpowerB. Public schools were established for girlsC. Millions of rubles were robbed and storedD. A11 of the abovePassage FourQuestions 27 to 31 are based on the following passage.Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes. Americans do not have a corn er on the “death” market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the most taxes.Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, and city: therefore, there are three types of taxes.Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certainpercentage of s to the federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax increases as a person’s income increase. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.本资料由博宸考博英语辅导收集并整理编辑，更多系统化的考博英语辅导资料或服务请百度搜索博宸考博。