1.什么是非关税壁垒措施?
非关税壁垒措施 (Non-tariff barriers) 是指除关税以外一切限制进口的措施。

非关税壁垒与关税壁垒都有限制进口的作用，非关税壁垒措施可分为直接和间接两大类。

前者是由进口国直接对进口商品的数量和金额加以限制或迫使出口国直接限制商品出口，如进口配额制、进口许可证制和自动出口配额制等。

后者是对进口商品制定严格的条例，间接地限制商品进口，如汇率低估、外汇管制、国家垄断、歧视性政府采购政策、进口押金制、专断的海关估价、最低限价、技术性贸易壁垒等。

Non-tariff trade barriers (NTBs)
Non-tariff trade barriers in addition to all other than tariffs import restrictions measures. Non-tariff barriers and tariff barriers have a limit the role of import, non-tariff barriers to direct and indirect measures can be divided into two categories .The former is directly by the importer to import restrictions on the quantity and value or forced exporter of export commodities directly restrictions, such as import quotas, import license system and automatic export quotas, etc. The latter is to import goods to make strict regulations, indirectly limit merchandise imports, such as undervalued exchange rate, foreign exchange control, state monopoly, discriminatory government procurement policy, import deposit system, the arbitrary customs valuation, the lowest price, technical barriers to trade, etc.。