被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。

以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have bee n done现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here．4) was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had bee n done过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。

其形式为：情态动词+ be+过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given apresent by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4) 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.(=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.)三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如 break ， drive ， lock ， open ， sell ， read ， write ，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时， 常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用 造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock .（指门本身有毛病）The door won't be locked.（指不会有人来锁门，指 门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如： h a p p e n , take place, comeout, come true, 等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste,look, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 Your reason sounds reasonable四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。

1. 在need, want, require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义， 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例 The house needs repairin （to be repaired .这房子需要修理。

2. 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不 定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例 The picture-book is well worth reading .（=The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和 句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例 I have a lotof things to do this afternoon .（to do 与things 是动宾关系，与I 是主谓关系。

）试比较：I ' ll go to the post office. Do yobave a letter to be posted?（此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是post 动作的执行者。

）被动语态专项练习选择题1 . ___ a new library ____ in our school last year?A. Is ; builtB. Was ; builtC. Does ; build D .Did ; buildIt is said that 据说; It is reported that 据报道; It is believed that ••大家相信， It is well known that 众所周知,It is hoped that 大家希望， It is thought that 大家认为,2.An accident ___ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened3.Cotton ___ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grown C .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon ___ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited5. _________________________ A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives6. _______________ A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done7. _____________ The doctor for yet.A. isn't sentB. hasn't been sentC. won't be sentD. wasn't sent8. _______________________________ --When ___ this kind of computer ?--Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used9. _________ Who ________ this book ?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; written D .was; written10. ________ Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked toB. was asked toC. is asked D .asks to11. ___________ A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told us D .told us12. ________________________ T he monkey was seen off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump 13.Older people well.A. looks after B .must be looked afterC. must look after D .looked after 14.Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listenedD. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served16. It was reported that the murderer _____ arrested.A. has beenB. had beenC. hasD. had17. Do you think that the bridge ____ in a year?A. would be completedB. will be completedC. had been completedD. is being completed18. Great changes ______ in China since the People 's Republic of China______ in 1949.A. have taken place; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded19. —Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?—She has _____ by her classmates.A. laughedB. laughed atC. been laughedD. been laughed at20. Doctors ______ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need21. I promise that matter will ____ .A. be taken careB. be taken care ofC. take careD. take care of22. No permission has ______ for anybody to enter the building.A. been givenB. givenC. to giveD. be given23. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gaveB. was givenC. was givingD. had given24. Can such a thing ____ happening again?A. prevent fromB. prevented fromC. be prevented fromD. to prevent from25. A new house _______ at the corner of the road.A. is buildingB. is being builtC. been builtD. be building26. This bike _______ last year.A. boughtB. has been boughtC. was boughtD. had been bought27. Did you see the house that ______ by fire last year?A. was destroyingB. destroyedC. would destroyD. was destroyed28. It _____ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasn 't been decidedB. isn 't decidingC. doesn 't decideD. hasn 't decided29. The pen _____ me. It is hers.A. isn ' t belong toB. wasn 't belong toC. doesn 't belong toD. didn ' t belong to30. I can ' t use my bike because it _____ .A. is repairingB. is being repairedC. will repairD. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she _________ to speak a little louder soas to make herself ____ .A. was expected; heardB. had expected; hear .C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard32．—The window is dirty.—I know. It ____ for weeks.A. hasn 't cleanedB. didn 't cleanC. wasn 't cleanedD. has n't been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _____ inBeijing.A. would be completedB. was being completedC. has been completedD. had been completed34. —How long _____ at this job?—Since 1990.A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employed D .will you be employed35. —What happened to the priceless works of art?A. They were destroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Ted 's photo. We miss him a lot. He ________ trying to savea child in the earthquake.A. killedB. is killedC. was killedD. was killing37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear the earthfrom in the near future.A. cutB. are cutC. are being cutD. had been cut38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC.C. will have changedD. will change39. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes.A. lose B will be lostC. are lostD. will lose40. A new cinema ______ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be builtB. is builtC. has been builtD. is being built1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20B D AC C B B B B B BD B A B B B A D C21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B A B C B C D A C B AD D B A C C A B D。