动词的分类用法一、动词的种类1、实义动词（1）定义实义动词是有实在意义并能独立作谓语的动词。
（2）分类按句法作用可分为及物动词vt.和不及物动词vi.；按动作状态可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词(瞬间性动词)。
（3）用法a. 及物动词 vt.及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
如： I like this book very much. （接宾语）We call the bird Polly.（接宾语+宾补）Please pass me the salt.（接间接宾语+直接宾语）b. 不及物动词 vi.不及物动词自身意思完整，不需要接宾语。
如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.<注> 有些不及物动词和其他词搭配构成动词词组可以相当于及物动词使用。
动词+介词+宾语（名词&代词）Look at the blackboard. / Listen to me carefully.动词+副词+宾语（名词）&动词+宾语（代词）+副词Please turn off the light. He picked it up and gave it to me.动词+副词+介词+宾语（名词&代词）Alice gets along well with her classmates.动词+名词+介词+宾语（名词&代词）Please pay attention to my reading.c.延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如：We have lived in China for many years.<注>常用的延续性动词有live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等。
d. 非延续性动词非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作已经发生便立即结束。
如：I have finished my homework.<注>常用的非延续性动词有buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come, catch等。
它们不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
He has arrived here.——He has been here for five days. The film hasbegun.——The film has been on for ten minutes.【习题讲解】1.He told them ____ on with the work.A．to go B．going C．go D．went2.The plane will____from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.A. take upB. take outC. take awayD. take off3. The bus is coming. Be careful when you____ the bus.A. get onB. get offC. get upD. get to4.The classroom was so dirty. I decided ____.A.clean it upB. to clean it upC. clean up itD. to clean up it5.Old men here are ____well in the home fro the elderly and they are having a happy life.A. looked afterB. looked overC. looked forD. looked down2、系动词（1）定义系动词本身有词义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的特征、性质或状态。
（2）分类系动词根据作用可以分为状态持续系动词，感官系动词，变化系动词等。
（3）用法a. be(am/is/are);如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
b. 感官动词用来表示主语（往往是某物）使人产生的感觉，有look，sound，smell，taste，feel，touch, seem, appear译为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。
如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
<注> 这五个感官系动词除了能做系动词，还可以做实义动词。
如：She smelt the meat. 她闻了闻那块肉。
c.状态持续(保持)系动词用来表示主语保持的状态，有keep; stay; remain等。
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
d. 变化系动词用来表示主语变成什么样，有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run....如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
<注> 这些变化系动词在表示变化的时候，在“变化”的含以上往往有所区别：①go和come是一对相反的词。
''go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情，而''come+adj.''表示好的事情。
go与come前面的主语一般是物。
如： In hot weather, meat goes bad.Things will come right in the end.He went mad.Hearing this, she went red.②run后面接short，dry， low， deep等词，主语多为能流动，能消耗掉的东西。
grow与run相对，接表示人或物特征的静态形容词，也接表示天气的形容词，侧重于“逐渐变成”。
如：Their money was running short.Still waters run deep.The girl grew thinner and thinner.Soon the sky grew light.③turn多接表示颜色的形容词，也接表示天气的形容词，它侧重变得与以前完全不同。
如：The man turned blue with fear.The weather suddenly turned much colder.④fall接asleep，silent等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词，但不能接形容词比较级。
如：She fell ill from cold.⑤''get+adj.''是口语，用得广泛，get能替代become，become较正式，get 与become前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。
如：He became（got）angry.His coat has become（got）badly torn.另外，get较多地与形容词比较级连用。
如：The days are getting longer and longer.d. 证明系动词 prove, turn out....【习题讲解】1. In late autumn leaves____ brown.A. getB. turnC. standD. come2. Little Jim’s speech sounds____.A. friendlyB. wonderfullyC. pleasantlyD. nicely3. In spring, all the flowers in the garden____ sweet.A. becomeB. tasteC. smellD. sound4. His girlfriend ____a singer. A. has turned B. grew C. has become D. turned5. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. went C. became D. looked3、助动词（1）定义助动词本身没有意义或者意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。
它必须和其他动词连用，帮助其他动词构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。
（2）分类英语中的助动词有：助动词be (am/is/are) 后不加动词原形; 助动词have （has/had）后不加动词原形；助动词do (does/did); 助动词will(would) & shall(should)。
（3）用法a.助动词be的用法①be +现在分词，构成进行时态。
如：They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
②be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。
如：The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。
③be + 动词不定式, 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，如：He is to go toNew York next week. 他下周要去纽约。
<注> 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b.助动词have的用法①have +过去分词，构成完成时态。
如：He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month，they had finished half of their work.上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。
②have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。
如：I have been studying English for ten year.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
③have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。
如: English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。
c.助动词do的用法①构成一般疑问句，如:Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?②do+not构成否定句，如:I do not want to be criticized我不想挨批评。