单词·词组1.arithmetic logic unit 算术逻辑单元44.dequeue 出队2.base on 基于……45.enqueue 入队3.binary system 二进制46.queue 队列4.control unit 控制单元47.stack 堆栈5.microprocessor 微处理器48.database 数据库6.register 寄存器49.integrity 完整性7.workstation 工作站50.privilege 特权8.architecture 体系结构51.extension 扩展名piler 编译器52.interchange 交换10.disc storage 磁盘存储器53.lossy 有损耗的11.level 1 (2) cache 一（二）级缓存54.platform 平台12.physical memory 物理存储器13.swap file 交换文件14.virtual memory 虚拟存储器15.volatile 易失性的16.chip set 芯片组17.expansion card 扩展卡18.individually 个别地19.motherboard 主板20.parallel connector 并行连接器（设备）21.PC Case 主机箱22.power supply 电源23.serial connector 串行连接器（设备）24.sound card 声卡25.breakthrough 突破26.constitute 组成27.decode 译码，解码28.encode 编码29.in sequence 顺次，依次30.parallel processing 并行处理31.preliminary 初步的，最初的32.stored program concept 存储程序概念33.subsystem 子系统34.addition 加35.convert 转变36.decimal 十进制37.division 除38.hexadecimal 十六进制39.multiplication 乘40.octal 八进制41.subtraction 减42.algorithm 算法43.array 数组·缩写·1.BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) 基本输入/输出系统2.CPU (Central Processing Unit ) 中央处理器3.PC (Personal Computer ) 个人计算机4.DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) 动态随机存储器5.HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 硬磁盘驱动器6.I/O (Input/ Output) 输入/输出（设备，数据）7.SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) 静态随机存储器8.AC (Alternating Current) 交流9.DC (Direct Current) 直流10.LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示；液晶显示器11.DBMS (Data Base Management System) 数据库管理系统12.RDBMS (Relational Data Base Management System) 关系（型）数据库管理系统13.SQL (Structured Query Language) 结构化查询语言·课后习题·一．1.操作系统operating system2.取指—译码—执行extracts instruction—decodes execute3.前端总线FSB---Front Side Bus4.双处理器DP---Dual Prolessors5.基本输入/输出系统Basic Input /Output System6.静态随机存储器SRAM（Static Random Access Memory）7.动态随机存储器DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)8.虚拟存储器Virtual Memory9.物理存储器Physical Memory10.一级缓存Level 1 cache11.二级缓存Level 2 cache12.硬盘驱动器访问速度access speeds13.主板motherboard14.主机箱PC Case15.硬盘驱动器HDD---Hard Disk Drive16.光电鼠标optical mouse17.内存RAM---Random Access Memory18.移动硬盘Mobile Hard Disk19.计算机系统结构The computer system architecture20.存储程序概念stored program concept21.顺序指令执行Sequential Execution of Instructions22.并行处理parallel processing23.存储介质storage medium24.数制系统number system25.数字技术digital technology26.由二进制转换为十进制to convert from binary to decimal27.2的4次方 2 to the 4th power28.处于两种状态in two states29.与……联系在一起be associated with30.数据结构data structure31.数据类型data type32.链表linked list33.先进先出first in first out34.根节点root node35.数据库管理系统DBMS---Data Base Management System36.并发控制concurrency control37.文件系统file system38.结构化查询语言SQL---Structured Query Language39.文件扩展名file extension40.静态图像still images41.有损压缩lossy compression42.文件格式file format二．1.The instructions are numbers of the binary system ,in a special format that is unique for each machine. 指令是特殊格式的二进制数列，它们对于每台机器都是唯一的。
2.CPU is the abbreviation of central processing unit , and pronounced as separate letters.CPU 是中央处理器的简称，每个字母单独发音。
3.The central processor is where most calculations take place.大部分计算都发生在中央处理器4.Dual-core refers to a CPU that includes two complete execution cores per physicalprocessor.双核是指在CPU中每个物理处理器都包含两个完整的执行核心。
5.Processor: Short for microprocessor or CPU.处理器：微处理器或CPU的简称。
6.Integrated circuit: Another name for a chip, an integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronicdevice made out of a semiconductor material.集成电路：是芯片的别称，一个由半导体材料制成的小型电子设备。
7.DRAM gets the “dyna mic “ in its name because it is refreshed thousands of times per second.动态随机存储器名字中的动态是因为它每秒刷新成千上万次。
8.RAM: A temporary storage memory area in computer where the operating system,application programs ,and data in current use are kept.随机存储器：是计算机的临时存储器，用来保存操作系统应用程序和正在使用的数据。
9.ROM is sustained by a small long- life battery in your computer .只读存储器是由计算机中的小型常使用期限的电池来维持的。
10.RAM cache is a portion of memory made of high- speed static RAM.随机存储器缓存是由高速静态随机存储器组成的存储器的一部分。
1.PC is a system, consisting of many components.个人计算机是由很多部分组成的系统2.The motherboard is the main circuit board in a PC.主板是PC中的主电路板3.Major components found on the motherboard are CPU,BIOS,RTC and Chip Set.主板上的主要部件是：中央处理器，基本输入/输出系统，计时时钟和芯片组。
4.The mouse is the most common “pointing device”.鼠标是最常用的点击装置。
5.V on Neumann computers spend a lot of time moving data to and from the memory, and thisslows the computer.冯·诺依曼计算机花费大量时间在存储中来回传输数据。
6.He defined the control organ as that which would automatically execute the coded instructionsstored in memory.它把控制器官定义为可以自动执行储存在存储器中的代码指令的单元。
18.This is “the way computers work.”这就是计算机运行的方式19.The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit constitute the Central Processing Unit.控制单元和算术逻辑单元组成了中央处理器20.The number system is a way of conting thing .数制系统是一种数字的计数方式21.All other numbers are then formed by combining these ten digits.其他所有的数字是痛过这十个数字结合而成22.Another way to make this clear is to write decimal numbers in expanded notation.用扩展计数法来写十进制数字23．The binary system underlies modern technology of electronic digital computers.二进制系统是构成现代电子计算机计数的基础24.Binary uses two digits ,so each column is worth twice the one before.二进制使用两个数字，因此每一列都是前一列的两倍25.Data structures are an important way of organizing information.数据结构是一个信息组织的重要方式26.Much of programming involves the storage and retrieval of data.许多编程涉及数据的存储和检索27.Most data structures have associated algorithms to perform operations .大多数数据结构都有相关的算法来执行操作28.Each node is either a leaf or an internal node.每个节点或者是叶或者是内部节点29.DBMS lets users create and access data in a database.数据管理系统允许访问者创建和读取数据30.Databases are designed to manage concurrency control if the system is shared by users.数据库被设计成如果系统被用户共享则并发控制31.DBMS ensures the integrity of the data .数据管理系统确保数据的完整性32.A DBMS can be thought of as a file manager that manages data in databases rather than files in file systems.数据库管理系统可以被看作是一个数据库的而不是文件系统中的文件管理器33.A file ending in “.TXT” can be edited with Notepad .一个以“.TXT”结尾的文件可以以记事本来编辑34.There are a large number of formats used for storing digital images.有大量格式用于存储数字图像35.BMP is an excellent choice for a simple bitmap format .BMP对简单位图格式是一个极好的选择36.The GIF format is limited to 256 colors.GIF格式局限于256种颜色。