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词类,句子成分,构词法,5种基本句型(教师版)

教师姓名学科英语课题名称词类,句子成分,构词法,5种简单句基本句型学生姓名年级上课时间教学目标在学好英语单词的基础上,理解英语中最基本的语法概念。

教学重难点句子成分,构词法,5种简单句基本句型专题知识梳理Step 1 词类,句子成分,构词法1、词类英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

(1)名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,(2)代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。

如:who,she,you,it .(3)形容词(adj.):表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如:good,right,white,orange .(4)数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。

如:one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.(5)动词(v.):表示动作或状态。

如:am,is,are,have,see .(6)副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如:now,very,here,often(7)冠词(art.):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如:a,an,the.(8)介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in,on,from,above,. (9)连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and,but,before .(10)感叹词(interj.):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如:oh,well,hi,hello.2、句子成分英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

(1)主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如:I’m Miss Green.(2)谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如:Jack cleans the room.(3)表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如:My name is Ping ping。

(4)宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如:He can spell the word.有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

如:He wrote me a letter..有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如:He wrote a letter to me .(5)定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。

如:Shanghai is a big city .(6)状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

如:He works hard .(7)宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

如:They usually keep their classroom clean. / He often helps me do my lessons.同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。

如:Where is your classmate Tom ?3、构词法英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

(1)合成法:如:spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等等。

(2)派生法:1)派生名词:①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如:inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge2)派生形容词:①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如:snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,following,daily(每日的),nervous,delicious 3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly,angrily,full→full y,good→we ll,possib le→possibly等等。

(3)转换法:1.动词转换为名词的常见方式1)“动词+ion”例如:pollute→pollution, invent→invention, discuss→ discussion2)“动词去e+ ation”例如:invite→invitation,organize→organization3)“动词+er”例如: work→worker, teach→teacher, write→writer, speak→speaker, run→runner, win→winner4)“动词+ or"例如:invent→inventor, act→actor5)“动词+ing"例如:build→building, begin→beginning, paint→painting6)“动词十ment"例如:develop→development, amuse→amusement2.动词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“动词+ive"例如:act→active, attract→att ractive2)“动词+ able"例如:change→changeable, enjoy→enjoyable3)“动词+ing"例如:excite→exciting, follow→following4)“动词+ ed"例如:frighten→frightened, bore→bored5)“动词+ ful".例如:forget→forgetful3.名词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“名词+ ful"例如:ca re→careful, use→useful, power→powerful2)”名词+ less"例如:care→careless, home→homeless3)“名词+ly"例如:friend→friendly, love→lovely4)“名词+y"例如:sun→sunny, wind→windy, health→healthy, noise→noisy, luck→lucky, snow→snowy5.Our new flat is going to be decorated with furniture. (tradition)6. We can ________________ o ur reading ability through reading a page of English everyday.(development)7. Jane always tells us the same things whenever she meets us. She is really______________________. (bore)8. It rained so ________________ that we had to stop playing basketball on the playground. (heavy)第三组1.Mary bought three ________________ i n the supermarket. (brush)2. The old couple had an ______________ w eekend when their four children came to see them.(enjoy).3.This is the ____________ time for him to go there alone. (three) .4. A car accident happened this morning. ___________ , none was hurt. (fortunate)5. Edison was a great _____________ though he stayed at school for only a little time.(invent)6.We are going out to ______________ my sister's return. (celebration)7.The twin can do a lot of housework by ____________ . (they)8.The boy's face turned still _____________ a fter the headmaster praised him. (red)第一组Key: 1. pollution 2. widely 3. thankful 4. first 5. yourselves6. dead7. stories8. succeeded第二组Key: 1. weight 2. him 3. ninth 4. lives 5. traditional6. develop7. boring8. heavily第三组Key: 1. brushes 2. enjoyable 3. third 4. Fortunately 5. inventor6. celebrate7. themselves8. redderStep3:句子的分类句子成分和句型结构(1)(一)两种句子分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

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