交通工程专业英语翻译The_Evolution_of_Transport The Evolution of Transport 交通运输业的发展The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development ofhumankind throughout the earth’s history(交通运输的发展一直与的人类发展的整个地球的历史密切联系在一起。
Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies andbuilding materials(运输的早期功能是为了满足食物供给和搬运建筑材料的基本需求。
But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finallynations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. 但是随着部落的产生甚至最后国家的形成，运输在社会和经济起到的功能越来越复杂。
At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribalaggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle(起初有需要调动个人，家族，家庭和动物以保护他们来反抗并逃避自然灾害和部族侵略的危险，从而寻找最好的地方定居。
As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense(随着种族部落的形成和地理界线的逐步确定，开发新区域、开采新资源、发展社区间的贸易以及捍卫领地，这些都日益需要交通的发展。
When the first nations came into being，transport played a majorrole in establishingnational integrity(当第一个国家应运而生,在建立全国的完整性方面,交通运输扮演着重要角色。
After basic societal needs had generally been attended to，local communities could increasingly devote their efforts to enhancing their economic，cultural，and technological development through trade links with other peoples and regions(基本的社会需求一般都得到满足后，当地社区可以越来越多地贡献自己的努力，用来加强他们的经济，文化和科技发展，通过贸易来联系其他国家的人民。
Again，transport provided the mobility required for such intertribal, international，and finally intercontinental cultural exchange andtrade(而且交通提供了诸如部落间、国际间乃至于洲际间便利的贸易和文化交流。
During all of this gradual development toward an organized human society，represented today through the international family of nations，transport as physical process of moving people and goods，thus promoting such development，continuously underwent technological andorganizational changes(在向有组织的人类社会的演变过程中，这种组织在今天是通过由各国组成的国际化大家庭表现出来的，交通作为人与货物移动的物理过程，也促进了这种发展，不断地经历着技术与组织方面的改变。
Such changes were induced by several factors and circumstances(这些变化是由多种因素和情况引起的。
In fact，today’s transport in its various forms and organizational arrangements remainshighly subject to changes in response to societal requirements and preferences(事实上,今天的运输在它的各种形态和组织安排上仍然高度受到在社会需求和偏好回应的改变所支配。
Clearly，the first and foremost criterion to be satisfied by transport was efficiency(显然,首先也是最重要的标准是运输效率。
For centuries，and particularly during the takeoff stages of local economics，societyrequired reliable，fast，and low cost transport(几个世纪以来，特别是在地方经济起飞阶段，社会需要可靠、快速和低成本的运输。
The search for appropriate technologies was relativelyunconstrained(为寻找相对不受限制的合适技术。
There were times in human history when the demand for reliable and fast transport was especially pronounced，and quick solutions were required for nationalself-defense. 在人类历史上，可靠和快速运输的需求尤其明显，这是提供国家自卫所需的快速解决办法。
During such periods of local and international conflict, human ingenuity devised new transport technologies which often proved to be the decisive element for survival, and sometimes victory. 在当地和国际冲突的时期内，人类的聪明才智制定出新的运输技术，往往被证明是为逃生有时也为胜利的决定性因素。
Subsequently refined and developed, such new technologies made it possible to better meet increasing transport demand, thus improving both economic progress and完善和发展，这种新技术使人们有可能更好地满足日益增human welfare.随后的加的运输需求，从而改善经济的发展和人类福利。
The need for better strategic mobility induced efforts to improvesea and land transport. 为更好的战略机动诱导努力提高海上和陆地运输的需要。
This resulted in bigger and faster ships and more reliable andsturdy land vehicles. 这导致了更大、更快的船和更可靠、坚固的陆地车辆。
Eventually, self-propulsion was introduced, exemplified by steamboats, the railways, and then the automobile. 最后，自我推进介绍，使得汽船、铁路，然后是汽车均得以例证。
Research and development in the transport field finally became an organized undertaking with specific goals and objectives. 运输领域的研究和发展终于成为一个具体的目标和有组织目标的承诺。
As the result of the consequent concentration of talent and expertise, more and more sophisticated transport technologies evolved, such as the aircraft and, most recently, rocket propulsion.随之而来的是人才和专业知识的集中，越来越复杂的运输技术在进化,如飞机和最新的火箭推进器。
The gradual evolution of increasingly sophisticated means oftransport is manifes ted by today’s transport systems, which include air, surface, and water transport. 日益复杂的运输手段逐渐发展成今天的运输系统，其中包括空中、路面和水上运输。
Special industry needs have led to the development of transport modes that have rather limited applications, such as pipelines, cables, and belts. 特殊行业的需求，引起了相当有限的应用的运输模式的发展，如管道，电缆和传送带。