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一句多译学英语

一句多译学英语
句子是相对完整而独立的语言单位。

句子能够表达完整的思想,起到交流作用,而且可以独立运用,因此,从语法分析的角度来看,句子是最高一层的语言单位。

英语教学要以句单位教学为主,使学生在句子里掌握语言及语法和词汇的用法。

配合句型教学,加强整句操练,使学生熟练掌握基本句型,并习惯于整句学习的方法。

要尽可能地使学生学一句会一句,学习语言是养成语言习惯的问题,不应过多地讲为什么要这样说。

要强调整句的模仿和套用。

要正确处理学习的质量和数量的关系。

(Quality matters more than quantity.)匈牙利著名翻译家卡扎罗姆布归纳的学习方法之一就是:应随时记下并背熟常用的“句套子”,并多多练习套用。

一句多译的训练无疑是句单位教学中效果显著的语法训练,使英语学习的质量大大提高。

下面就是我自己设计,让学生参与的一堂课堂教学。

首先,让学生尽可能多的运用学过的知识翻译;然后,让学生作语法词汇方面的修改;最后和学生一起作总结。

一句翻译练习可以涉及到十几条语法项目。

例如:汉译英:完成作业后,他上床睡觉了。

1. After he did his homework, he went to bed.(时间状语)
2. After he had done his homework, he went to bed.(过去完成)
3. After his homework was done, he went to bed.(被动语态)
4. After doing his homework, he went to bed.(介词后用动名词)
5. With his homework done, he went to bed.(with加复合宾语)
6. His homework done, he went to bed.(独立主格结构)
7. Having done his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的完成式)
8. He didn’t go to bed until he finished doing his homework.(not……until时间状语从句)
9. Not until he did his homework did he go to bed.(倒装)
10. It was not until he did his homework that he went to bed.(强调句)
当学生已掌握了基本句型,有了整句学习和运用的初步习惯,新的单词或语法点会迅速地纳入到句型中去,不会逐词地说句子或逐字翻译成汉式英语。

一句多译有利于温故知新,提高学生转移经验的能力。

只有新旧知识的互动,才能达到循环学习,螺旋上升。

以下是由旧知识到新知识的一句多译练习。

例如:1.介绍虚拟语气:我在这里吸烟,你介意吗?
Do you mind if I smoke here? (Do you mind my smoking here?)
Would you mind if I smoked here?
2.介绍强调句:我昨夜发现一只苍蝇在你的碗中游泳。

I found a fly swimming in your bowl yesterday evening.
It was I who found a fly swimming in your bowl yesterday evening
It was a fly that I found swimming in your bowl yesterday evening
It was in your bowl that I found a fly swimming yesterday evening.
It was yesterday evening that I found a fly swimming in your bowl
3.介绍感叹句:这工作很有趣!
It is such interesting work!
What interesting work it is!
The work is so interesting!
How interesting the work is!
随着学生英语水平的提高,理解和分析能力的增强,学生对分析句子的成分、词的构成以及区别词义和用法的要求也增高了。

这时虽有必要讲解句子中难以理解的语言点,但仍应以整句操练为主,不能陷入单纯地讲授语言知识。

一句多译有利于开发学生的侧向思维能力,使学生左思右想。

有利于提高学生的联想能力。

有利于学生灵活掌握使用语言知识,培养学生以英语理解英语的良好习惯。

请看以下翻译能够使学生联想到多少英语词法和句型。

例如:汉译英:1.早操对你有益。

Early exercises are good for you.在翻译的过程中“对……有益”可能联想到的词语有“be good for ,do good to, be of benefit to, benefit, profit, be useful to, contribute to. You benefit from early exercises.”
2. 这所博物馆值得参观。

在翻译的过程中可能联想到单词“worth, worthwhile, worthy”。

答案有:The museum is worth visiting. It is worthwhile visiting the museum. The museum is worthy of being visited. The museum is worthy to be visited.等。

一句多译有利于弥补外语教学中翻译法的缺点,避免了学生死记硬背,教学方式灵活,体现了外语教学中由简而繁的原则,深入浅出,能使课堂气氛活跃。

用一句汉语而学到多种英语句型,而句型又能一生二、二生三、三生万物。

这样,有效地控制汉语在课堂上使用。

当然,还要根据学生在学习上的困难和需要辅以单项训练,以弥补句单位教学的不足。

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