I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words,primarily through the use of _________construct.A. soundB. formC. morphemeD. root2. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They includenouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal3.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called_______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locativeprefixes4.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames5.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes6.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes7.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes8. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting9.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some naturallanguages10.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth anddevelopment of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional11._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center andthe secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection12. One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage13. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy14. Composition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A.absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contraryantonyms15.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are oftenemployed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms16 Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal17. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. new18.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian,Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon19. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes20. ________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size21．The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes22.A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting23.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, andlexical meaning in particular.A. arbitrary meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. grammatical meaning24.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth anddevelopment of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional25._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center andthe secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection26. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually awayfrom its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenationimportant criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage28. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms29. In Shakespearean line ‘rats and mice and such small dee r’, deer obviously designates‘_____’ in general.A. a doeB.. animalC. a deerlike animalD. buck30 By hook and by crook is an example of ________.31. A word is ______of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A. a smallest formB. a minimal free formC. a constituent formD. a part32. “Nature” in the word “denaturalization” is not_______________.A. free rootB. free morphemesC. wordD. bound root33. Word formation excludes ________________.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration34. For the word “political”, its negative form is “_____________”.A. apoliticalB. ilpoliticalC. inpoliticalD. impolitical35. Radiation and concatenation are different stages of the development leading to polysemy.Generally, radiation __________________ concatenation.A. is behindB. precedesC. is withD. makes up for36. The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is _____________.A. logicalB. arbitrary, conventionalC. certainD. objective37. The chief function of prefixation is to ______________ .A. change meanings of the stemsB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above38. The grammatical meanings of a word refer to that part of the meaning of the word whichindicates grammatical concept or relationship such as ____________.A. part of speech of wordsB. singular and plural meaning of nounsC. tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional formsD. all the above39. In the idiom “earn one’s bread”, ___________ is used.A. synecdocheB. personificationC. metonymyD. simile40. Homographs are words identical only in _____________ but different in two other aspects.A. soundB. meaningC. spellingD. senseII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions1.. English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.3.Now people generally refer to the language spoken by Anglo-Saxons as _______.4.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words thehistory of the word explains the meaning of the word.5. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.6. According to suffixation theory, “villager”is called denominal noun and “employer”is called __________ noun.7. Lexical meaning and ___________ meaning make up the word meaning.8. Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly ___________.9. Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of ___________ meaning.10. Linguistic context includes lexical context and __________.11. As far as sentence types are concerned, they embrace declarative, interrogative,________and exclamative sentences.12. One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their ____, the second principal consideration is semantic relatedness.13. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning ofa more specific word is included in that of another more general word. The general wordsare called the _____terms and the more specific words are called _____.14. In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______15. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plusa part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words. III. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.1. Functional words include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns.2. “Nature” in the word “denaturalization” is a free root.3. Radiation and concatenation are different stages of the development leading to polysemy. Generally,radiation makes up for concatenation.4. Back-formation is one of the three major processes of word formation in English5. The total number of functional words is very limited in English.6. The meaning of a word, especially that of a polysemous word, is often determined by the context in which it appears.7. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.8. All transitive verbs can be used in passive sentences.9. Descriptive words can be used for evaluation in some contexts.10. Words from different classes can form a semantic field.11. The basic word stock of a language is changing rapidly all the time.12. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.13. Inflectional affixes have only grammatical meanings.14. There is no intrinsic connection between sound symbols and the sense of all English words.15. Homophones are words identical in spelling but different in meaning.16. Root, stem and base refer to the same thing.17. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are loan words.18. “Impossible” expresses a stronger negation than “not possible”.19. Acronymy and derivation are all processes of shortening words or word groups.20. The three major processes of word-formation are compounding, blending and conversion.21. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.22. In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.23. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related.24. Prepositions, conjunctions, numerals and articles all belong to functional words.25. Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words.26. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.27. The basic word stock enjoys the same features as native words.28. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary.29. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number, amounting to roughly 50,000 to 60,000.30. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.the word “persuader” means “dagger”(匕首）, it is regarded as an argot word.of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words.33. The word “prisoners” has two morphemes.34. A word is the minimal meaningful unit of a language.35. The morphemes which are realized by only one morph are called allomorphs.IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of synonyms(complete or partial synonyms); 2) origins of homonyms(acronymy, borrowing, homograph, homophone or change in sound and spelling) ; 3) processes of word-meaning development(radiation or concatenation).A. acronymyB. homographC. complete synonymsD. partial synonymsE. borrowingF. homophoneG. change in sound and meaningH. radiation I. concatenation( ) 2. word building/word formation ( )3. candidate ( )4. bow/bau/ and bow /beu/ ( )5. NOW ( )6. dear/ deer ( )from ear ( ) 8. fair from feria ( )9. bank /bank ( ) 10. change / alter/vary ( )V．Define the following terms .1. word2. bound morphemes3. prefixation4. hyponymy5. polysemy6. antonymy7. hyponymy8. free morpheme9. affixation 10.. root11．Affixes 12. Acronymy 13. Conversion 14. back-formation 15. semantic field VI．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What are the stylistic features of idioms2.. What are the main types of blendings3.. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock Illustrate your points with examples.4． What are the main types of compounds5. What are the three main sources of new words6. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five,but, a, never.7 . Write the following words into a tree-like graph:vegetable, meat, pork, beef, turnip, carrot, bread, food, cake,cornflakes, cereal.。