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TOEFL全真试题1Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of thedirections). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12 Orchids areunique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usualmale and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called thecolumn. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic andlight they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are threesepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distortedinto gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable ofthe petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramaticallymarked asan unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid haschosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids useappropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended toattract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids evenchange their scents to interest different insects at different times. Once theright insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in thewild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does thepassage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 Theorchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) thestructure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made fromit(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How manyorchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C)20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal?(A) Thecolumn(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) ismost comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course (C) an airportrunway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaningto(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the followingis NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B)Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13refers to(A)orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the followingstatements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They areeffective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects arerepelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change atdifferent times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A)estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discretein line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated(B) separate (C)inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题2Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of thedirections). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12 Orchids areunique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which themale and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called thecolumn. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic andlight they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are threesepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distortedinto gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable ofthe petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked asan unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid haschosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids useappropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended toattract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchidschange their scents to interest different insects at different times. Once theright insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in thewild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does thepassage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 Theorchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) thestructure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made fromit(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How manyorchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C)20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal?(A) Thecolumn(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) ismost comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course (C) an airportrunway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaningto(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the followingis NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B)Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A)orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the followingstatements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They areeffective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects arerepelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change atdifferent times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A)estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discretein line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated(B) separate (C)inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题31. A microscope can reveal vastly ______detail than is visible to the nakedeye.(A) than(B) than more(C) more than(D) more 2. Narcissus bulbs ______at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drainedsoil.(A) should be planted(B) to plant(C) must planting (D) shouldplant 3. Industrialization has been responsible for ______ most radical of theenvironmental changes caused by humans.(A) a (B) the(C) some of which(D)which are the 4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land______excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit (B)without permitting(C) nor permitting(D) do not permit 5. Color and light,taken together, ______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.(A)very powerfully influence(B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully veryinfluence(D) influence powerfully very 6. ______ that Rachel Carsons 1962book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely(B) Likely to be(C)It is likely(D) Likely7. Total color blindness, ______, is the result of adefect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that(B) a rare condition (C) thata rare condition(D) is a rare condition8. ______ no conclusive evidenceexists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and thendiffused to the rest of the world.(A) Even(B) But(C) Although(D) So9.Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ______ invarious forms.(A) abundant (B) the abundance(C) an abundant(D) itabundantTOEFL全真试题4Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes (including the readingof the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes.Structure 1 Wind motioncan be observed in the mesosphere by ______ the trails of meteors passingthrough it.(A) to watch (B) watching (C) watched (D) watch 2 Thomas Edison sfirst patented invention was a device ____in Congress.(A) votes counted for(B) had been counting votes (C) for counting votes (D) be a counted vote 3Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1992 s,retired______she was unable to makethe transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless (B) in spiteof (C) because (D) and for 4 Built in 1882,the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County,Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058-foot length.(A) who (B) to whom (C) which they (D) that which 5 A bridgemust be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the peopleand vehicles that use it.(A) as well (B) so well (C) as well as (D) so wellas 6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests inCalifornia each spring.(A) to returned (B) who returned (C) they returned (D)for returning7 In the fourteenth century, ____ that glass coated with silvernitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery (B) it wasdiscovered (C) with the discovery (D) if it was discovered8 _____ recurringfear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A)When(B) Whereas (C) Which (D) Whether9 Many modem photographers attempt tomanipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) thanlight is (B) than light (C) being light (D) light10 For any adhesive to make areally strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely or grease.(A) andsurfaces (B) when surfaces (C) the surfaces (D) surfaces that11 Although stillunderwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to theisland.(A) brought (B) to be brought (C) being brought (D) is being brought12 _____unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) For astar to become (B) how a star becomes (C) A star becomes(D) That a star isbecoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 _____hard-wearing,easy-to-clean flooring.(A) any house did have (B) did any househave (C) househad any (D) any house had14 Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the UnitedStates Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he waselected in 1870.(A) which (B) to which (C) and which (D) being which15Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) toconstantly flow into them (B) is constantly flowing into them (C) constantlyflows into them (D) constantly flowing into them Written Expression 16 Becauseof it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell ofprotein,__________ _____ _____ A B C a virus cannot eat or reproduce byitself.______D17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, orcolor._____ _____ _____ ______ A B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hiredby the New York metropolitan Opera, where her became__ _______ ___A B C thestar soprano.__D19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the groundto catches ants and termites.___ ___ ________ ______ A B C D 20 Because ofthe availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate offarms____has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance frommarkets._______ ________ ____ A B C D21 The homes created by the legendaryarchitect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as ________ _____uniquely,innovative, and valuable.______ ___ A B C D22 Geologists find it useful toidentification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages ____________________of species are characteristic of specific geologic timeperiods.__________ A B C D23 Many poets enhance their work by creating acontrast among realism and symbolism in a____ _______ ______ _____ A B CD given poem.24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports toaugment their own crops.______ ___ _____ ____ A B C D25 The fragrant leavesof the laurel plant to sell commercially as bay leaves and are usedfor___________ ____ __ A B C seasoning foods.____ D26 When contented,and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound. ___ ____________ ____ A B C D27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constantadaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of______ ______ _ ____ A B CD these adaptations.28 In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States SurgeonGeneral, launched several programs to______ _____ A B address particulateproblem that young people have.______ ______ C D29 Some psychologistsbelieve that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible, _______________ A B and competent in childhood are likely more thanothers to becomemotivated to achieve._______ ________ C D30 The central purpose ofmanagement is for making every action or decision help achieve a ________ ______ A B C carefully chosen goal.______D31 As a poetry Nikki Giovannimakes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms._____ ______ _ ______ A B CD32 Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after beingburied for many_____ ______ _______ A B C years, ceramics and glassware,although easily broken, survive well in the ground._____D 33 Margaret Meadachieved world famous through her studies of child-rearing, personality, and_____ _____ ________ A B C culture._____ D34 The discovery of theantibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful forthe_______ _____________ ____ A B C treatment of infectious diseases until1940._______D35 In the United States, the Cabinetconsist of a group ofadvisers, each of whom is chosen by ____ _______ __________ _____ A B C D thePresident to head an executive department of the government.36 Colleges in thenewly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the________ ____ A B American Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum inresponse of social demands._____ ______ C D37 Humus is formed during soilmicroorganisms decompose animal and plant material into ____ ____________ AB elements usable by plants.______ _____C D38 Ozone is an unstable,faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.__ ____ _________ A B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United Statesdates back to nineteenth century._________ _________ ____ __________ A B CD40 Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profoundinfluences on _____ ___ _______ A B C education and thought in the UnitedStates and elsewhere.___ D。