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最好的非谓语动词导学案附答案

非谓语动词(Non-predicate Verbs )非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点,也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。

非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式(to do ),V-ing 分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和V-ed 过去分词。

I.不定式(The Infinitive )定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有时态和语态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。

动词不定式的否定形式是由not 或never 加不定式构成。

Try _________________________________. 尽量下次不要再迟到。

He _________________________. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

二、动词不定式的用法:动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

(一)不定式做主语:不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.To lose heart means failure.完成句子:To see is ________________. 眼见为实。

To wait is better than _____________. 等待比离开好。

注: 1) 不定式作主语时,谓语用________数2) 当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it 做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

it 做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…It’s good/kind/nice/bad/clever/wise//silly/stupid/foolish/ honest(2) It is/was +adj.+for sb.+to do…It is easy / difficult / hard / probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important(3) It is +a +名词+(for) to do...It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / ashame / a crime / no easy job… to do(4) It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…完成句子:It’s kind__________________________。

你帮我是好的It’s silly ______________________________________________.学生考试作弊是愚蠢的It’s an honor____________________________________________.参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。

It is important____________________________________.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

主动形式 被动形式一般式 to do完成式 进行式 无 完成进行式 无It’s good man ners__________________. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。

It made us very angry _____________________________________听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。

It is very hard___________________________________________.十分钟完成这件工作是难的。

It takes us two hours______________________________________.从这乘飞机到巴黎用我们两个小时的时间。

(二)不定式做表语eg My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.Your mistake was not to write that letter.完成句子:Our plan is ____________________for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。

The problem is _____________________.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。

(三)不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有:ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)想要学习早打算(want、learn 、plan)快准备有希望(prepare 、hope、wish、expect)同意否供选择(agree、offer、choose)决定了已答应(decide、be determined、promise)尽力去着手做(manage、undertake)别拒绝别假装(refuse、pretend)失败不是属于你(fail)e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen.We hope to get there before dark.另外,不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时,常常用it代表不定式,而将真实宾语放在补足语之后。

如:Do you think it better to translate it in this way?I feel it my duty to serve the people heart and soul.汉译英:I feel ____________________________________________________.我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。

All of us think ____________________________________________.大家认为学好英语很重要。

Do you consider ?你认为不去更好吗(四)不定式做宾语补足语如:He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street.完成句子:I would like you___________________. 我想请你帮我做英语练习。

I never expected the shoes ______________________.我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。

注:1. 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词,在主动语态中作宾补的不式不可带to,这些动词有三使、两听、五看、一感觉、半帮助。

have, make, let, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice,feel, help等。

I felt my blood run cold.What made you think like that?但如果句子是被动语态,则to不可省略。

He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.Someone was heard to come up the stairs.完成句子:Though he often __________________, today he was made________ by his little sister.尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹,但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。

He is often heard__________________. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。

注:2. get,等词也有“让”“叫”的意思,和使役动词意思相近,但它后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。

如:完成句子:I’ll get him __________________________. 我将让他再试一次。

注: 3. allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,等跟doing 作宾语,跟不定式做宾语。

但refuse, agree, hope, demand等不跟复合宾语。

(五)动词不定式做定语①序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。

完成句子:He is always __________________________________________.他总是第一个来最后一个离开。

The next person _________________________ is Dr. Baker.下一个出席会议的人是贝克先生。

②还有一些名词经常带不定式作定语。

如:attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination, ability, time, way, chance, courage, opportunity等。

如:We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.注意:不定式为不及物动词或所修饰的名词是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词。

完成句子:Give me a knife _____________.(削苹果)Some people have no house ___________(住) especially in Beijing.The fox found a box ____________________(站着).Could you lend me a pen _________________(写字)This is the tool _______________________(劳动).Give me a piece of paper _______________(写字).I have nothing ________________________(担心).如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.(六)不定式做状语不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示目的、结果、原因等。

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