一．不一致D i s a g r e e m e n t s所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致及代词不一致等;Sample 1:When one have money, he can do what he want to.Once one has money, he can do what he wants to do.Sample 2:A driver should never race your motor without a warm-up.A driver should never race his motor without a warm-up.Sample 3:When one is sick, you don’t want company. When you are sick, you don’t want company. When one is sick, one doesn’t want company. Sample 4:I was extremely sorry you are injured.I am extremely sorry you are injured. 二．修饰语错位 Misplaced ModifiersMisplaced and dangling are phrases that are not located properly in relation to the words they modify.Misplaced modifiers lead to illogical sentences that are difficult to follow. Modifiers are associated with the closest word they could possibly belong to. When a modifier slips out of place, there arises confusion.英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解．Sample 5：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.Sample 6:A small book sat on the desk that Sarah had read.A small book that Sarah had read sat on the desk.★修改原则A.避免修饰语错置的关键是使修饰语尽可能靠近被修饰语;B.副词短语和时间、地点、方式等状语从句可以万无一失地置于句首;C.把那些很难安排位置的修饰语置于句首;D.避免因为一个修饰语和句子中多个成份之间存在潜在的修饰关系而引发歧义现象;四．句子不完整Sentence Fragments在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．不完整句不具备完整主谓结构的句子;依赖于特定的语境,能够独立使用并有一定的交际功能;常见错误包括：从属连词引起的破句,ing分词和不定式结构引起的错误,增添细节引起的破句和缺少主语或者谓语动词的破句; Sample 7:Because the kids thought their wages were too low.Because the kids thought their wages were too low, they demanded a high pay.Sample 8:People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible.People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.Sample 9:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV ,radio ,and newspaper. Sample 10:A woman to be respected and feared.She is a woman to be respected and feared. Sample 11:He will sure to come and help me.He will be sure to come and help me. Sample 12:We should read books may be useful to us. We should read books which may be useful to us.The girl who had told him about the concert. The girl who had told him about the concert was gone.★修改原则：改正从属连词引起的破句时,可以把该从句附属于其前或其后某个子句上;也可以去掉破句中的连词;三．悬垂修饰语Dangling Modifiers所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．了解垂悬修饰语dangling modifier的特点：修饰语在句中找不到逻辑上被修饰的对象;分词结构、不定式结构和介词短语做修饰语修饰句子时,易发生垂悬修饰现象;Dangling modifiers are verbal phrases or shortened clauses, often at the beginning of a sentence, that either have nothing to modify or that modify the wrong element in the clauses to which they are attracted. They are likely to create illogical meanings.Sample 13:All being well, the project will be finished in few months.Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you.Mary coming back, they discussed it together.Sample 14:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. When I was ten, my grandfather died. Sample 15:To do well in college, good grades are essential.To do well in college, a student needs good grades.Sample 16：Watching the parade, my wallet was stolen. While watching the parade, I had my wallet stolen.While I was watching the parade, my wallet was stolen.★修改原则A.明确动作的实施者,使悬垂成份所修饰的对象成为主句主语;、B.将悬垂修饰语扩展成从句;五．词性误用Misuse of Parts of Speech “词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等.Sample 17:None can negative the importance of money. None can deny the importance of money. Sample 18:Honest is so important for everyone. Honesty is so important for everyone. Sample 19:We all know that fail is the mother ofsucceed.We all know that failure is the mother of success.Sample 20:Make our cities greener is important. Plant trees and flowers is the best measure to obtain the goal.Making our cities greener is important. Planting trees and flowers is the best measure to obtain the goal.Sample 21:People can through the internet to get information.People can get information through internet. 六．指代不清Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致;Sample 22:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.Mary was friendly to my sister because shewanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. Sample 23:Leave out the word in that sentence because it is too difficult.Leave out the word because with it the sentence would be too difficult.Sample 24:She told my sister that her idea was practicable.She told my sister that my sister’s/her own idea was practicable.七．不间断句子Run-on Sentences串句是不用连词和标点而把两个或以上独立的句子串在一起的错误表达;有些串句是不用任何标点间隔两个甚至更多的句子；有些串句是在该用句号时滥用逗号,忽略了英语语言中的逗号本身没有连接句子的功能这一原则;A run-on sentence is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are incorrectly joined by a comma without a coordinating conjunction or sentence connector.★修改原则A.把原句分成两个独立的句子Sample 25:Rita decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer.Rita decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer.The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well.The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well.B.用并列连词连接两个句子;Rita decided to stop smoking, for she didn’t want to die of lung cancer.The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well.C.用分号连接两个句子;Rita decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer.The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well.八．措词毛病Troubles in DictionDiction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题Sample 26:The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. Sample 27:He finally resolved the problem.He finally solved the problem.九．累赘Redundancy言以简洁为贵;写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子;能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子;Sample 28:In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.In spite of his laziness, I like him.十．Faulty Parallelism错误的平行结构两个或以上意思并列的成份包括单词、词组、从句和句子在写作时要用同等的语法形式表达,否则就破坏了其平行结构;Faulty parallelism distracts the reader and disturbs the flow of the writing. When two elements of a sentence are similar in meaning, you should express them in parallel form. In other words, all linked words should match in form. By using parallel structure, we both clarify the meaning of our writing, and add pleasing symmetry to it. Parallel structure joins and emphasizes equally important ideas.★修改原则使句子中意思并列的成份在结构上并行的关键是用同等的语法形式表达这些成份;修改平行结构错误时,关键要找到平行点单词、词组、从句或句子,然后删去引起不平行的多余成份或添加所缺成份;Sample 29:Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, offers convenience, and it is not very expensive.Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, convenient, and inexpensive.。