L1[Notes on the text]▲Last week I went to the theatre.go to the cinema / showgo to the bank / post office▲I did not enjoy it (the play).I did not enjoy the meal / book.▲I got very angry.The food is getting cold.▲I could not hear the actors.Do you hear me?He’s not listening to me.▲I looked at the man and the woman angrily.Did you see Sam yesterday?She’s watching TV.▲They did not pay any attention.Please pay attention to that picture on the wall.▲In the end, I could not bear it.in the end = at lastbear = stand[Key structures]过去进行时A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.L2[Notes on the text]▲I never get up early on Sundays.I go to the library on Monday afternoons.▲I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.The museum is open until 6 p.m.I did n’t get up until lunchtime.The rain did n’t stop until evening.▲What a day!What a day it is！What an awful / nice day!How wonderful! / How surprising!▲I've just arrived by train.I go to work by bus / by bicycle / on foot every day.▲It was my aunt Lucy.Who is it? / It’s me, John.▲I'm coming to see you.Are you leaving soon?He’s going to the theatre this evening.The train is arriving in 5 minutes.▲Dear me！My goodness! / Good heavens![Key structures]频率副词I’m never late for appointments.Sometimes he tells us jokes.We often meet at thatShe is always nice and friendly to people.Are you still working?I seldom watch TV.L3[Notes on the text]▲Postcards always spoil my holidays.Don’t spoil the pleasure.You should not spoil your child.▲I visited museums and sat in public gardens.▲A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.I’d like to say a few words on the topic.Can I have a word with you?▲Then he lent me a book.Can I borrow some money from you?Some people neither borrow nor lend.▲ On the last day I made a big decision.Come to a decision / arrive at a decision / reach a decision▲I did not write a single card!There wasn’t single person on the beach.[Key structures]动词双宾语He lent me a book. = He lent a book to me.He sent me a card. = He sent a card to me.Please give him another chance. = Please give another to him.He brought his son a present. = He brought a present for his son.Can you get me a few stamps? = Can you get a few stamps for me?She made me a breakfast. = She made a breakfast for me.His uncle left him some money. = His uncle left some money to him.She showed her friends her new dress. =She showed her new dress to her friends.L4[Notes on the text]▲He is working for a big firm.law firm / company▲He has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.a great many peoplea great amount of money.▲My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.Have you ever been to Hongkong?Have you ever been there?He has been to the south.He has gone to the south.go / travel / study / live abroadI find this book very interesting.Did you find the film disappointing?I’m planning to take a trip to Tibet next month.[Key structures]现在完成时I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.He has been there for six months.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs.时间副词I have just arrived by train.He has already left.I haven’t heard from him since then.The train has not arrived yet.The weather has been good so far.L5[Notes on the text]▲Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury.The bank is about 5 minutes’ walk away.▲Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.Can you carry this package to the post office for me please?▲The bird covered the distance in three minutes.They have covered 60 miles since yesterday morning.▲Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.Make a request for sth.Request (sb) to do sth.I request you to consider my suggestion.on / upon requestHe gave a speech upon our request.spare tire / key / time / money▲In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.In this way = by way of thisPostal / passenger / pick-up and delivery service[Key structures]一般过去时与现在完成时Pinhurst is only fine miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.L6[Notes on the text]▲He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.You can ask him for help.▲Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.Did you hear the knock at the door?It’s past 6now so let’s knock off.The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.The car knocked the boy over.▲In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.in return for = to return the favour▲Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away.a piece/set of furnituretwo pieces of cheese▲He calls at every house in the street once a month.You can call in or ring me up.I’ll call by at the shops in my way home.I shall call on him tomorrow.once every two monthstwice a monththree times a week[Key structures]时间顺序的表达He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later neighbors told me about him.用在可数名词前，表示数量的修饰词a, an, some, a few, a great number of, a great many, lots ofa meal, an egg, some books, a few words, a great number of students, a great many places, lots of things用在不可数名词前，表示数量的修饰词some, a little, much, a great deal of, a lot ofsome tea, a little money, much information, a great deal of food, a lot of rain用计量单位修饰不可数名词a glass of milk, two bags of flour, a bar of soap, a cup of tea, a piece of clothL7[Notes on the text]▲A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.▲When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.My father is reading newspaper while my mother is cooking. (at the same time )He is hardworking while his brother is lazy. (whereas)▲Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.He kicked the snow off his shoes before getting in.She took the painting off the wall.▲To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!to their surprise = to one’s disappointmentprecious = very valuablewas full of = was filled withsand: a grain of sand /a pile of sand[Key structures]过去进行时Detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.While two detectives were keeping guard at the door.常用介词waiting at airporta valuable parcel of diamonds from south Africawaiting inside the main buildingwaiting on the airfieldtook the parcel off the planecarried it into the customs Housekeeping guard at the doorL8[Notes on the text]▲Nearly everybody enters for'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.nearly: almostHe entered for marathon last year.She will enter fo r a beauty contest.▲Bill grows more flowers and vegetables.grow plants/ricegrow a beardBabies grow fast.He has grown up.The village is growing into a town.The business is growing rapidly.▲He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.over: above and across from one side to the other.He jumped over the fence.The bird flew over the field.▲I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town.He got a pay raise for his work.I bought this book for its attractive cover.[Key structures]形容词、副词比较级与最高级Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting.I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!He has read more books than I do.This is a much nicer hotel than that one.Of all the school subjects I like English the best.This is the funnies t joke I’ve ever heard.This restaurant is less expensive than that one.L9[Notes on the text]▲a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.Please gather round.The tour guide gathered the visitors in the lobby.▲It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.I will be back in five minutes.I’ll be with y ou in a moment.▲Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.pass pastThe river passes through the city.He walked past that building.▲The big minute hand did not move.the face of a clock▲The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.refuse to do sth. : be unwilling to do sth.Politely he refused my request.[Key structures]时间表示方式At five to twelve, the clock stopped. (不到)It’s two minutes past twelve. (超过)Half past ten. (10:30)常用代词Everything is fine.There is something I want to tell you.Nothing has changed.Is there anything I can do for you?He did not say anything.L10[Notes on the text]▲Our clavichord is kept in the living room.keep: to put customarily / / storePlease keep you bank card in a safe place.Some detectives were keeping guard at the door.Can you keep the secret?He probably won’t be able to keep his job.She keeps a diary.What kept you?▲It has belonged to our family for a long time.They belong to a younger generation.That chair belongs in the other room.Where do these things belong?▲My father was shocked.I was shocked when I heard about the accident.▲It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.The river course is being cleaned.a student of minea property of my grandfather’s[Key structures]被动语态It is called a clavichord. (现在时被动语态)It was made in Germany in 1681. (过去时被动语态)The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. (过去时被动语态) Recently it was damaged by a visitor. (过去时被动语态)Two of the strings were broken. (过去时被动语态)Now we are not allowed to touch it. (现在时被动语态)It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. (现在进行时被动语态)L11[Notes on the text]▲One good turn deserves another.deserve: to be worthy ofHis suggestion deserves our attention.You deserve this prize.▲He gets a good salary.He collects his salary at the end of each month.His wages are $250 a week.▲He always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.'So now you can pay for my dinner!It is one duty to pay taxes.Who’s going to pay all these bills?I’d like to pay by cheque.He has paid off his debts.Is there a pay phone around?Equal pay for equal work.Do you get overtime pay?▲Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table.I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank.[Key structures]复习I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. (when, 连接简单句)Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. (and, 一连串动作的发生)He has never borrowed money from me. (money, 表示概念)I have never borrowed any money from you. (any money, 具体数目)I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. (the money, 指代前面具体数目)L12[Notes on the text]▲Captain Charles Alison,…… We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning.Let’s meet at the gate.I’ll be over to meet you at the airport.▲It has sailed across the Atlantic many times.the Atlantic = the Atlantic ocean▲Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time.set out = set off, start outWe’ll set out for Tibet in a week.There is plenty of room in my bag.We have prepared plenty of food for the party.▲We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.Can I see your office?Please say hello to your family for me.I won’t say sorry to him.▲He will be away for two months.away: absentWill you take care of my plants while I’m away?I was just going to hang up; I thought you were not in.When will you be back?I think I’ll be round for a while.▲We are very proud of him.As a Chinese, I’m proud of our ancient civilization.I can see you are a proud father.He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.[Key structures]一般将来时Captain Charles Alison, will sai l from Portsmouth tomorrow.We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning.Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time.We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.I shall visit him tomorrow.L13[Notes on the text]▲The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers.pop music pop culture pop art▲At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.part: a region, an areaWhich part of the town do you live in?▲During this time, they will give five performances.give a piano recital▲As usual, the police will have a difficult time.have a hard time have a good timedifficult: 难以应付的He is a difficult child.Don’t be so difficult.▲It is always the same on these occasions.(It is always the same: it is always like that)on many occasionson this occasionon one occasionon another occasionon the first occasionI will contact you on the first occasion.[Key structures]将来进行时They will be arriving here tomorrow.They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening t hey will be singing at the Workers' Club.The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days.They will be trying to keep order.L14[Notes on the text]▲On the way, a young man waved to me.On my way to work I was caught in a traffic jam.I waved goodbye to him.▲I stopped and he asked me for a lift.Can you give me a ride to the airport?▲As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.I’ll call you as soon as I arrive there.He has written an article in English.▲Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.apart from = except forWe had a good time expect for the weather.I’m not hungry at all.▲ As I soon learnt, he was English himself.As we all know, smoking is very harmful.As I have told you, I’m very interested in pop music.I myself want to read that book.[Key structures]过去完成时After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French.I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?三个代词Either of them will do.Neither of the answer is correct.I like both of them.L15[Notes on the text]▲He did not look up from his desk when I entered.He looked up from the newspaper when someone called him.▲He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.He cannot afford to send his son to collage.I cannot afford the rent.▲Twenty people had already left.Twenty people had already been fired.He was recently laid off.▲I knew that my turn had come.Now it’s your turn to speak.They are on duty by turn.We’ll cross the bridge in turn.They took turns to look after the baby.▲Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!an extra sum of one thousand pounds.[Key structures]间接引语The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.He said that business was very bad.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!L16[Notes on the text]▲You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.get a ticketgive sb. a ticket for speeding.▲Traffic police are sometimes very polite.a policeman → policemena policew oman → policewomen▲Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area.Don’t forget your hat sir.No SmokingNo CyclingNo admittance▲If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Fail to do sth.He failed to come.She cannot fail to recognize me.He never fails to write to his mother every week.[Key structures]If引导条件从距If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!L17[Notes on the text]▲She must be at least thirty-five years old.You look pale. You must be ill.He must have been there before.I may not be able to solve your problem but I can at least help.I can read 30 pages an hour at most.▲In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.Despite her age, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.Although she is thirty-five, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.I’m telling you this as a friend.He treats his dog as his best friend.▲In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.Did you see the girl in white hat?You look very smart in that jacket.▲She had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress.He is often dressed in black.She put on her raincoat and left the house.▲If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers,ever: at any timeI want to know when you will come.I asked the shop assistant how much that watch was.I wonder what he will say.▲It must be terrible to be grown up!He is a grown-up now.She grew up in that village.[Key structures]情态动词MustIn the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.I must leave now.She had to tell her mother all the truth.Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.I have had to tell the truth.L18[Notes on the text]▲After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.have breakfast have supper/dinnerWhat are you looking for?I can’t find my shoes.I was looking for the map for half an hour and finally I found it.▲I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!He left a note on the door.I think I must have left the key in the room.It was gone.It was missing.▲As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.while I was looking for itthe owner of the pub▲In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.He arrived with bad news.He went out with an umbrella.▲My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!'[Key structures]Have 的用法Have you got a dictionary? = Do you have a dictionary?I’ve got something to tell you. = I have something to tell you.He hasn’t got a lot of money. = He doesn’t have a lot of money.Did you have a good meal?I had a very good time during my holiday.She is going to have a baby.I had a nice bath.They are having a meeting.I have a cold.L19[Notes on the text]▲The play may begin at any moment.. The bomb may go off at any moment.▲I hurried to the ticket office.Please hurry up. We are already late.What are you in a hurry for?▲We’ve sold out.The tickets are sold out.John sold up and went to Australia.He sold his watch at a low price.She sold her computer for 300 pounds.▲Can I return these two tickets?'a return ticket▲They’re for next Wednesday's performance.I have a meeting for two o’clock.Have you got the train ticket for tomorrow?▲I might as well have them.There is nothing to do now, so I might / may as well go to bed.Since you will know it sooner or later, I might as well tell you now. [Key structures]can与may表请求May I have two tickets please/Can I have a cup of coffee please?Could you lend me some money?表推测They play may begin at any moment.It may have begun already.He might come but I’m not sure.This may not be true.This cannot be true.Such things may happen.Such things can happen.L20[Notes on the text]▲Fishing is my favourite sport.Shopping is fun for many women.Smoking can cause lung cancer.▲I often fish for hours without catching anything.After talking to him, I felt better.I apologize for interrupting you.▲Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.They don’t catch fish, instead they catch old boots and rubbish.He ordered chicken instead of fish.▲I am even less lucky.I’m not even as lucky as they are.He is getting less talkative than usual.▲You must give up fishing!Don’t give up hope.You should give up smoking.▲They don't realize one important thing.I realize that it’s very late now.He has realized his dream.[Key structures]动名词当主语与宾语Fishing is my favorite sport.You must give up fishing!I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!在介词后面I often fish for hours without catching anything.Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.L21[Notes on the text]▲Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.drive sb. crazy / insaneOver a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.I was driven by my curiosity to look into the window.What are you driving at?▲The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.for various reasonsfor different reasonsfor one reason or another▲Last year, however, it came into use.When did bank note come into use?be out of use:That telephone is out of use now.▲I am one of the few people left.Very few people know this.There is nothing left.▲I have been offered a large sum of money to go away.He was given a bike on his birthday.▲But I am determined to stay here.I decided to stay here.[Key structures]被动语态Passing planes can be heard night and day.The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.Over a hundred people must have been drive n away from their homes by the noise.Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.I have been offered a large sum of money to go away.L22[Notes on the text]▲My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.I never dreamed of meeting you here.She dreamed of living in that beautiful house.Holland: the Netherlands (formal), Dutch▲Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.the Channel: the English Channela piece of bread with butter on ita pool with a small bridge over it▲Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.This computer cost me a lot of money.I spent a lot of money on this computer.a little: a bitHe is a little over forty now.She is feeling a litter cold.I’m a bit tired tonight.Slow down a bit, please.[Key structures]动词和介词的搭配Jane never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.We were traveling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.She threw the bottle into the sea.She never thought of it again,Both girls write to each other regularly now.L23[Notes on the text]▲I had a letter from my sister yesterday.had: received▲If she comes, she will get a surprise.▲We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.the county: the countryside▲The house was completed five months ago.▲Work on it had begun before my sister left.You must have done a lot of work.▲I told her that she could stay with us.stay: to remain as a guest or lodger.▲It must be the only modern house in the district.This is the only choice.district: commercial district / dwelling districtarea: rural area / farming arearegion: tropical region / autonomous region[Key structures]感官动词+形容词He seems angry.She appeared sleepy.It sounds good.This room smells terrible.Silk feels very soft.This coffee tastes very strong.L24[Notes on the text]▲It could be worse▲I felt very upset.My stomach is upset.The bad news upset me.▲‘I left the money in my room,' I said, ‘and it's not there now.'I left my umbrella in the library.▲Everyone's losing money these days.You are always picking on me.Short skirts are in fashion these days.I’m going to visit an old friend one of these days.▲He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.He’s always complaining about something.▲There is still some honesty in this world!Honesty is the best policy.[Key structures]直接引语‘Everyone's losing money these days,' he said.‘I left the money in my room,' I said, ‘and it's not there now.'‘Well,' I said to the manager, ‘there is still some honesty in this world!'。