《 欧 洲 文 化 入 门》 复 习 题I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. 每题1分）B.Iliad C. Odyssey D. An tigo ne 3. Which of the following is NOT the plays written byAeschylus?A. An tig oneB. Agame mnonC. Persia nsD. Prometheus Bound4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. An tig oneC. Troja n Woma nD. Oedipus the Ki ng 5. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?D. PythagorasA. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. Socrates 6. Whois chiefly things ”？no ted for his doctri ne that “ man is the measure of all A. Protagoras B. Pythagoras C. Pyrrh on D. Epicurus11. .Who wrote, “1 came, I saw, I conq uered ” ?A. Horace CiceroB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius12.The author of the philosophical poemOn the Nature of things is A. Virgil B. Julius Caesar C. HoraceD. Lucretius13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A. The ColosseumB. The Pan the nonC. The Parthe nonD. Pont du Gard 14. Who wrote, “ Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive ”？A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. Horace15. Which of the followi ng is by far the most in flue ntial in theWest? _______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. Christia nityD.Judaism16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called _________ .A. ExodusB. Comma ndme ntsC. AmosD. Pen taeuch19. After the ______ cen tury Nestoria nism reached Chi na.A. sixthB. fifthC. seco ndD.third20. Which of the followi ng emperors made Christia nity the officialreligio n of the empire and outlawed all other religi ons? ________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Con sta nti ne ID. Nero Caesar 1. 2. In ___________ the Roma n conq uered Greece. A. 1200 B. C. B. 700 Which of the following B. C. C. 146 B. C. works described the war led D. The 5 th century by Agame mno agai nst （考30题， the city of Troy? A. Oedipus the King21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianitylegal in 313? ___________________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. ConstantineI22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands ofA. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. JohnWycliff23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202 24. When printing was invented in the 1500 first complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinHebrew25. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?C. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth29. Whenwas a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe?A. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ranerrands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.30. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of westernEurope? _______A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs31. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian strongholdand won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 1291D. 154's, the ________ Bibl e was theC. AramaicD. A. 1885 B. 161127. The Middle Ages is also called the _A. “Age of Christianity” Literature ”C. “Age of Holy Spirit ” 28. According to the code of chivalry, todo for a knight? ________ A. To be loyal to his lord churchC. 1901D. 1979 B. “ Age ofD. “ Age of Faith ” which of the following is not pledged B. To fight for theB. CharlemagneD. King JamesOpus Maius? B. Dante AlighieriD. St. Thomas Aquinas 41. __________________________ Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio?A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD.Moses42. _________________________________________________ Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________________________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione43. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern modeof painting? __________________A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD.Michelangelo44. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best knownfor his Madona(Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael45. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Biblewith Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ____________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of theHunters52. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises thegreatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _____________________________A. Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia53. Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne 's humanist ideas anda style which is easy and familiar? _______________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance54. ______________________________________________ Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? __________________________A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD.Montaigne55.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament? A. Bruegel B. Erasmus C. El Greco D.Rabelais58.The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is ____ __? A. Kepler B. Copernicus C. Galileo D. Newton59.Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope magnified objects _________ .37. Which of the following was crownedEmperor of the Romans ” by the Pope in 800? _____ A. St. Thomas Aquinas C. Constantine38.Who is the author of the A. Roger Bacon C. Chaucer60.Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declaredits independence …was the publication of the immortal work …” , what does the immortal work refer to ? _____A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Eassays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New system of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs65. _______ and Newton invented independently the differential andintegral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66. Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? ____________A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning67. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish bynature? ______A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes68.In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree re-imposingcomplete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose .A. AndromaqueB. AreopagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained69.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited theSovereign 's power in certain important directions?A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament.78. Which of the following artists helped to bring the RomanBaroque styleto its climax? _____A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini79. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style toNorth Europe? _____A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini 80.In painting of the 17th century, whowoninternational fame and his style is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff?A. a thousand times C. ten-thousand timesB. a hundred times D. five-hundred timesII. Fill in the following blanks. 1. European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Romanelement and the Judeo-Christia n eleme nt.2. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, _________ Sophocles, and Euripides.3. To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to havetold the king: “Give mea place to stand, and I will movethe world. ”4. In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine movedthe capital from Rome to Byza ntium, re named it Con stantino pie ( moder n Ista nbul ).5. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the lege nd of creatio n of Roma n.6. Amon gall the religio ns by which people seek to worship, Christianityis by far the most in flue ntial in the West.7. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.8. In European history, the thousand year period following the fall ofthe West RomanEmpire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. ________9. As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect womenof noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.10. U nder feudalism, people of Western Europe were mai nly divided in tothree classes: clergy, lords and peasant ______11. To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ageswent on journ eys to sacred places where early Christia n leaders had lived. The most importa nt of all was Jerusalem. ______________ 12. Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collectiveefforts of oral literature.13. Loenardo da Vinci ' s major works: Last Supper is the most famous ofreligious pictures; Mona Lisa ____ probably is the world ' s most famousportrait. 14. The Reformati on led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole ofEurope was aimed at oppos ing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the ___ Bible. 15. Cervantes crow ned literature of Spa in and Shakespeare of En gla nd duri ng theRen aissa nee. 16. The Puritan Movementwasthe religious cause of the English Revolution. 17. Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of the Frenchneoclassicism in the 17th century.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. （考 10 题，每 题1分）A. Christopher WrenB. Rembra ndtC. Pouss inD. Rubbens （考10空，每空1分）1. Dioge nes is chiefly no ted for his doctri ne that “ man is the measure of all things. ” F2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. T3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law inmany Western coun tries. T5. The Romansgreatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them. Andbesides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little origi nality. F6. After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppressionto a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents. T7. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an en cyclopedia: history,literature, philosophy and record of greatmin ds. T8. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the NewTestamentin a popular form of Lati n. F9. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. Theonly organization that seemedto unite Europe wasfeudalism. F10. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of theChurch” , whose work is gen erally con sidered orthodox. T11. Charlemag ne wan ted to rule as the emperors of Romehad done in an cie nttimes and eventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Roman§ by himself in 800. F 12. Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it wasliterature and in England it was philosophy and drama. T13. After Reformati on, in religio n, Protesta ntism brought into beingdifferent forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of theRoman Catholic Church. T14. The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, thereforeI th ink: I think , therefore I am. ” T15. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramatic in ten sity andsen time ntal appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F16. The designing and building of St. Paul ' s Cathedral is the Iandmarkin French architecture. F17. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Hayd n and Mozart are knownas the Vie nn ese School. F18. The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt,Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. T19. As Isaac Newt on domin ated 17 th-ce ntury scie nee with his discovery of the lawsgover ning the bodies of the uni verse, so Charles Darwindominated 18th-centuryscienee, for he discovered the laws governing the evoluti on of man himself. F20. BIack humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man sfate is decided by comprehensible powers. Wecan' t do anything about it,therefore we may as well laugh. FIV. Explain the following terms in English. （考3 个名词，每词10 分）1. Humanism --Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the humanelement or stress the importanee of humaninterests, as opposed to the super natural, divine eleme nt —or as opposed to the grosser, ani mal elements. In a more specific sense, humanismsuggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote humanculture most effectively ——in particular, those dealing with the life, thought, Ianguage and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Ren aissa nee.2. Enlightenment --The Enlightenment was an intellectual movementoriginating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruli ng and in tellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reas on.3. Neo-classicism --It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson.Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wan ted to achieve perfect form in literature. They gen eral tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rulesin literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.4. Calvi nism --The French theologia n put his thoughts in his In stitutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected thepapal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation.Many historians have suggested that Calvi nism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.5. Reformati on --It was a 16th century religious movementas well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This moveme nt was aimed at oppos ing the absolute authority of the Roma n Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct com muni catio n betwee n the in dividual and God, en gaged themselves in tran slat ing the Bible in to their mother ton gues, urged the Church to have in stituti onal reforms and were in terested in liberati ng n ati onal economy and politics from the in terfere nee of the Roman Catholic Church andcarrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. TheReformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism.V. Write on the follow ing topic in the corresp onding space on the an swer sheet.(20 分)It is said that the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. Do you agree with this statement? Please give your own reas ons.(1) Yes, I agree with the statement. (2 ')⑵ Introduction to the Bible. (8 ')(3) Bible ' s significant place in Western culture. (10 ')。