2. Social and Political Structure

Democracy — the adult male citizens
Economy Sports — slave labor (exploitation) — Olympic Games


3. Homer

Homer 荷马 (around 700 B.C.) , epic 史诗
Greece and Troy
1. Historical context (background)

War between Greece and Troy in about 1,200 B. C.
Greek culture in the 5th century B. C. Civil war between Athens and Sparta. Rule of Alexander in the 4th century B. C. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.
Pnder of scientific mathematics the father of numbers To Pythagoras, All things were numbers.
Heracleitue 赫拉克利特

Ancient Greek philosopher

The earliest materiamlist.
Get the English word atom
The Greatest Philosophers

Socrates
Plato Aristotle


5. Drama

Open-air theatres, stone benches,
looking down at the stage from three
sides, actors with masks.

mask =masque假面剧
Three Greatest Tragedy Writer:
Greece and Troy
Achilles 阿喀琉斯/阿基里斯
Matching

Gold apple

Deathful weakness

Trojan horse
Achilles heel

Bane
Intruding destructive element


Matching (key)
Trojan War 特洛伊战争


In Greek mythology and in Iliad and Odyssey by Homer About 1,200 B. C. War between Greece and Troy Fought over the beautiful Helen Lasted for 10 years Trojan horse Troy defeated

Poetry=Poem=Verse （诗歌）



Ballad（民谣） Lyric（抒情诗） Epic（史诗） Ode（颂诗） Elegy（挽歌） Pastoral（田园诗） Sonnet（十四行诗） Narrative Poem（叙事诗） Blank Verse（无韵体诗） Free Verse（自由体诗）


Gold apple — Bane Trojan horse — Intruding destructive element Achilles heel — Deathful weakness “不和的金苹果”— 祸根 “特洛伊木马”— 侵入内部的破坏性因素 “阿喀琉斯的脚踵”— 致命的弱点
For My Personal View


文化，不是让你死记硬背时间、地点、 人物、事件、影响、意义。 而是透过不同的文化，探究自身文化的 优缺点，从中吸取精华、去除糟粕，来 达到提升自我修养，培养独立思考能力 的目的。从而让文化成为我们参悟生活 ，领会人生意义的重要渠道。
The Origin of Culture
父

Prometheus Bound《被缚的普罗米修斯》
Prometheus Bound

Based on the myth of Prometheus, a titan泰坦神族人 who gave the gift of fire to mortals and was punished by the god Zeus.

11 plays: Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, Birds
6. History—Herodotus 希罗多德

The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars. Herodotus(484-430 B.C.), Ancient Greek historian, “Father of History” 古希腊历史学家，“历史之父”
between accident and necessity
Sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之谜 —something of person that hard to understand
c. Euripides (484-406 B.C.)
欧里庇得斯

Third of the three great tragedians of
7. Philosophy and science
Introduction

The ancient Greeks’ curiosity about things, free enquiry, imagination
Introduction



The Pre-Socrates Greek Philosophers Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯 Heracleitue 赫拉克利特 Democritus 德莫克里特
Welcome


European Culture: An Introduction 欧洲文化入门
The Purpose of Learning European Culture

Language cannot be learned without some knowledge of the culture behind it.
a. Aeschylus （埃斯库罗斯）
b. Sophocles（索福克勒斯） c. Euripides （欧里庇得斯）
a. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.)
埃斯库罗斯

The ―Father of Tragedy‖ , one of the three
great ancient Greek tragedians古希腊悲剧之
Matching

Prometheus
—Martyr to the cause of human

Pandora’s box —Root of all disaster
b. Sophocles(496-406 B.C.) 索福克勒斯

Second of the three great tragedians of classical Athens
Old age life
Purpose for My Culture Class

Learning culture is not to recite numerous informations from textbook. But to improve self-cultivation, to promote one’s thinking ability, then to probe our culture’s merits and defects from different culture, to think about what we should learn from others and what others should learn from ours. So that we could cultivate a habit of thinking and knowinghow to make life meaningful.

Oedipus the King《俄狄浦斯王》 Strong impact on European literature “the Oedipus complex”俄狄浦斯情结
Matching

Oedipus complex 俄狄浦斯情结
—complex feeling toward parents or
Iliad 《伊利亚特》 Odyssey 《奥德赛》
Today we see Iliad and the Odyssey incorporated into the course of almost every high school in America.
Epic


Definition： An epic is a long narrative poem of great scale and grandiose style about the heroes who are usually warriors or even demigods. 简言之，史诗是叙述英雄传说或重大历 史事件的叙事长诗。
4. Lyric （抒情诗）

Definition:
A lyric is a poem that expresses strong feeling.
4. Lyric Writers