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急性胰腺炎诊治指南(2014版)

diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis(2014 edition).Di—
agnosis of acutepancreatitis is based on clinical features,plasma concentrations of pancreatic enzymes and results of computed
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急性胰腺炎诊治指南(2014版)
·指南与共识·
中华医学会外科学分会胰腺外科学组
【摘要】2007年中华医学会外科学分会胰腺外科学 组发表的《重症急性胰腺炎诊治指南》对我国急性胰腺炎 (AP)的规范化诊断与治疗及临床疗效的改善发挥了重要作 用。近年来,AP的研究取得了巨大进展,并对其诊断与治疗 产生了影响。为此有必要对之进行修订,修订后的指南更名 为《急性胰腺炎诊治指南(2014版)》。AP的诊断依据包括 临床特征、血清胰酶浓度及cT检查表现。改良的CT严重 指数评分(MCTSI)常用于AP的炎症反应及坏死程度的判 断。病理分型有间质水肿型胰腺炎和坏死型胰腺炎。AP依 据严重程度分为轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)、中重症急性胰腺 炎(MSAP)和重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)。MSAP与SAP的主要 区别在于器官衰竭持续时间不同,MSAP为短暂性(≤48 h), SAP为持续性(>48 h)。器官衰竭采用改良的Marshall评分 来判断。病程分为3期。早期(急性期)为发病至2周,此期 以全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和器官衰竭为主要表现,此 期构成第1个死亡高峰。中期(演进期)为发病2周至4周, 以胰周液体积聚或坏死性液体积聚为主要表现。后期(感染 期)为发病4周以后,可发生胰腺及胰周坏死组织合并感染, 此期构成MSAP和SAP患者的第2个死亡高峰。局部并发 症分为急性胰周液体积聚(APFC)、急性坏死物积聚(ANC)、 包裹性坏死(WON)及胰腺假性囊肿。病因治疗主要是胆道 疾病的处理。MAP患者病情稳定后即可行胆囊切除术或胆 道探查术,MSAP和SAP患者应在后期或行坏死组织清除时 一并处理。早期非手术治疗重点是液体复苏及器官功能保 护。MSAP和SAP患者肠道功能恢复后即行肠内营养支持 治疗。对于部分易感人群选择性使用抗生素治疗。ACS的 处理措施包括胃肠道减压及导泻、镇痛镇静、使用肌松剂及 床边血滤减轻组织水肿,B超或CT引导下腹腔内与腹膜后 引流减轻腹腔压力。外科治疗的指征主要是胰腺局部并发 症继发感染或产生压迫症状。无菌性坏死积液无症状者无 需手术治疗。手术治疗应遵循延期原则。感染性坏死可先 行针对性抗生素治疗及B超或CT引导下经皮穿刺引流 (PCD)。胰腺感染性坏死的手术方式可分为PCD、内镜、微 创手术(主要包括小切口手术、视频辅助手术)及开放手术 (包括经腹或经腹膜后途径的胰腺坏死组织清除并置管引 流)。胰腺感染性坏死病情复杂多样,各种手术方式可遵循 个体化原则单独或联合应用。
transient(≤48 h)in MSAP but is persistent(>48 h)in SAP.
Modified Marshall Scoring System is used iil the assessment of
organ failure.The dynamic disease process could be divided into
【关键词】急性胰腺炎;诊断;治疗;指南
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-9752.2015.叭.001 通信作者:赵玉沛,100730中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北 京协和医院基本外科,Email:zha08028@263.net
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancrea- titis(2014 edition)Pancreatic Surgery Group of Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association Corresponding author:Zhao Yupei,Department of General Sur- gery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 』0口刀0,China,Email:zha08028@263.net
partment syndrome(ACS)include gastrointestinal decompres—
万方数据
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sion and catharsis,analgesia and sedation,using of muscle re— laxant,bedside hemofihration to reduce the tissue edema,relic— ring abdominal pressure by B ultrasound or CT.-guided percuta--
pancreatitis(MAP),moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP)and severe acute panereatitis(SAP).The definition of SAP or MSAP depends on the duration of organ failure.which is
3 phases.Early stage(acute phase)usually lasts for 2 weeks, and is characterized by systemic inflammatory response syn. dromes(SIRS)and organ failure,which is the first peak of mortality.Middle stage(successional phase)has a peripancrea— tic fluid collection or necrotic collection as the major characteris— tics from the second week to the fourth week,Late stage(infee— tion phase)is characterized by infection of pancreas and peripancreatic necrotic tissues after the fourth week.and is the second peak of mortality.Acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC),acute necrotic collection(ANC),wailed.off necrosis (WON)together with pancreatic pseudocyst are the local com— plications.For acute biliary pancreatitis,choledochotomy or common bile duct exploration should be performed when the con—
tomography(CT).Modified CT severity index(MCTSI)is used
in the severity assessment of the inflammation and necrosis of AP.AP can be subdivided into interstitial oedematous pancreati— tis and necrotizing pancreatitis according to the pathological characteristics.The severity of AP is classified as mild acute
【Abstract】 The Guidelines for fk diagnosis and treat— ment ofsevere acute pancreatitis were published by the Pancreatic
Surgery Group of Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association in 2007,and had great impact on the domestic standardized treatment and the improvement of efficacy of acute pancreatitis
dition is stable in the MAP patients.but in the late period or during the necrosectomy in the MSAP and SAP patients.The
important non·-surgical treatment in the early stage is fluid resus·- citation and the organ function protection.The MSAP and SAP patients should be treated by enteral nutrition therapy when the intestinal function iS recovered.For some susceptible patients. antibiotics should be used selectively.Treatments of acute com.
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