2) Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, nor) when placed in the beginning of a sentence.
3) Some adj. can act as transitions (first, second).
Once you encounter a person who has stopped breathing, you should begin immediately to do mouthto-mouth breathing. First, place the victim on his back and remove any foreign matter from his mouth with your fingers. Second tilt his head backwards, so that his chin is pointing up. Third, pull his mouth open and his jaw forward, …
2) In the middle
Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility – both physical and psychological – has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.
3) In the end
School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he’d overcharged a customer. It’s the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true…unlike the story of George Washington and the cherry tree. Washington’s first biographer invented the tale of little George saying to his father, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my ax.” What is important in both stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.
II. Transition II.
Transitions can take several forms: Using a group of transition words (thus, therefore, moreover, nevertheless, however), or phrases (in fact, to conclude, on the contrary, for instance) Coordinating conjunctions （并列连词） (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so ) when placed in the beginning of a sentence. Some adj. can act as transitions (first, second).
4) Pronouns often serve as transitions by referring back to antecedents in an earlier sentence. Americans are queer people: they cannot play. Americans rush to work as soon as they grow up. They want their work as soon as they wake. They used to open their offices at ten o’clock, then at nine, then at eight; then at seven. Now they never shut them. They eat all night, dance all night, build buildings all night, make a noise all night. They cannot play. They try to, but cannot.
explanation, compar, and statistics etc
Concluding sentences ------ the final section, summarize the connections between the information discussed in supporting sentences. Not every paragraph has concluding sentences.
Places of topic sentence in a paragraph
In the beginning In the middle
In the end
Hidden in the paragraph
1) In the beginning
People learn in different ways. Some people learn best by writing out the information to be learned. Other people need to hear the information and learn best by reciting or saying the information aloud. Still other people learn through a combination of first writing the information and then reciting.
Advanced Reading and Writing
Lecture 01
Paragraph Writing
Topic sentence ------ States the central idea of the paragraph.
Supporting sentences ------ develop the topic, using
Pronouns often serve as transitions by referring back to antecedents in an earlier sentence. Parallel structure Repeating key words or phrases. . Synonyms
1) Using a group of transition words (thus, therefore, moreover, nevertheless, however), or phrases (in fact, to conclude, on the contrary, for instance) This term several useful and interesting courses have been offered. An introduction to European Culture, for instance, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of European philosophy, literature, and arts. From time to time we see slide shows of famous paintings and hear tapes of famous pieces of music, and they make the lectures all the more interesting. American Society and Culture is another course that attracts a large audience. The teacher, who visited the United States not long ago, discusses new trends and changes in American life as well as American history and traditions. We like these and other courses very much, because they help us not only to improve our English but also to broaden our vision.
4) Hidden in the paragraph
The room is located on the fifth floor of the high building. One third of its total floor space is taken up by a double bed. Facing it, in the corner behind the door, stands a cupboard loaded with pots, bowls, dishes, bottles, and bags of rice and flour. A desk completely fills the gap between the bed and the wall with the window. Behind the desk is a chair, the only one in the room; and it almost touches the boxes and trunks piled against the wall on the opposite side.