美式英语音标详解美式英语音标一．梅花音/ ? /和小/ e // ? / map apple land man factory lamp rash hazard marry campus fan glad ham Athens bank narrow crashsmash/e/let bed excel egg when hotel send went lemon fellow decade fetch nephew request nest pet letter对比：led set peck mess beg tenlad sat pack mass bag tan例句：1.He who laughs last laughs best.2.Don’t let the cat out of the bag.3.Handsome is as handsome does.4.Better late than never.二．饱满的双元音/ɑ? / /?? / /ɑ? //ɑ?/ bike hide wife mind behind blind modify style analyze clarify tried sight height guy deny cyclefight notify child wild identify/??/ oil coin choice spoil point joint exploit point noise annoy enjoy destroy employ voyage oyster joy moist/ɑ?/ about sound found mouse house mountain fountain counter pronounce thousand amount cow powdercrowd brown plough对比：(一) buy sigh mileboy soy moil(二) trout down found proudtrot don fond prod例句：1．Time and tide wait for no man.2．Great minds think alike.3．Let by-gones be by-gones.4．Open your mouth and pronounce the word loudly.5．Out of sight, out of mind.三．双元音/ ei / /?u //ei/ date gate fame debate classmate danger nail sailing faith gray Bombay relay weigh neighbor conveysteak obey April/?u/ remote choke suppose zone Coca-Cola control float roast coast soul though shoulder below toe Joanboast photo total对比:(一) mate wait main late fade gate sail papermet wet men let fed get sell pepper(二) flow boat cold most dove toe no folkflew boot cool move do two canoe foodfloor bought caught more door tore nor four例句：1．No pains, no gains.2．Haste makes waste.3．Little stroke fell great oaks.4． A rolling stone gathers no moss.四．双元音/ i? / / e? / / u? // i? / hear dear nuclear appear beer cheer pioneer volunteer engineer severe sincere interfere fierce idea idealKorea really hero period Italian brilliant cafeteriamysterious audience convenient familiar/e?/ prepare care declare share bare compare scare area repair pear where therefore hair/u?/ sure mature assure during poor tour tourist tourism cruel influence casual dual February对比:(一)mere beer pier weird fear here tear spearmill bill pill will fill hill till spill(二) air hare fair mare declare share dare bearear hear fear mere clear sheer dear beer例句：1．The atmosphere here is very clear.2．Where there’s a will, there is a way.3．The poor man was assured that his child could be cured.4．Wherever there’s oppression, there’s resistance.五．摩擦音/θ/ / e / / s / / z //θ/ thin thank threat wealt h faith worth theory thoughtful theme thrill author athlete thunder/e/ then thus those therefore otherwise nevertheless further weather worthy smooth northern breathe/s/ soldier course response respect suspense silent jumps lesson assume message ceremony certificate excellent privacy currency cigar/z/ amaze zone citizen realize gaze jazz deserve revisedessert example compromise dizzy graze amuse对比:(一) rice hiss pricerise his prize(二) closing breeze bays zoosclothing breathe bathe those(三) sick face seem mousethick faith theme mouth例句：1.Say the next sentence softly and smoothly.2.Those roses deserve the prizes.3.Something is better than nothing.4.Mother and father went through thick and thin.六．/ f / / v / / w // f /: father funny unfair life belief defend finance function forgive fold fashion suffer affair staff photo phrasegeography graph phenomenon laugh enough rough/v/ love nervous movement cover event silver vanish vehicle variety of review prove Virginia glovevision believe save/w/ weapon welfare farewell software award whale whisper quarter quality quarrel worthwhile twelve twisterwoman warm water wash对比:(一) west wary wane worse whale willow wakevest vary vain verse veil villa vague(二) leaf proof fan few surface fast fail fineleave prove van view service vast veil vine七．/? : / / ?/ (很重要)/?: / horse born morning sport sword record storm report draw awful fault audience cause thought wall recallfalse almost more explore reward/ ?/ dog cost doctor sorry knock profit common property popular model wash want quarrel quality becauseAustralia knowledge God job hot hospital odd olivesock Tom water bottle cop fox body honestproblem watch got shop college bottom promisedollar对比:pork forks short morning naught sport warn chalkpock fox shot modern not spot swan chock八．/ɑ: / /? //ɑ: / (一) art park garden cigar apart march cartoon(二) rather photograph after plant France castlemaster disaster palm laughter/?/ sun but dull jump result lucky butter summer thumb thus come mother London monkey cousinyoung double enough blood flood couple ovenhoney color对比:(一) harm heart cart park Marchham hat cat pack match(二) luck hut just fun government love punishlark heart jar farm garment laugh pass九．/ i: / / i // i: / these complete even evening secret female appreciate green cheese wheel screen reveal increase pieceachieve receive key police unique magazine/ i / sit fish wish forgive since milk basis liquid opinion quit identity definite sunny city puppy typical prettybasket decrease village language marriage busy minute对比:Feel lead peel week sheep seen deed meal leastFill lid pill wick ship sin did mill listreach cheaprich chip十．/? / /? //?/ shine sharp shame shock shortage sure sugar pressure financial addition machine patientconnection delicious precious commercial issuemission publish Asia profession/?/ usual casual treasure pleasure measure vision decision confusion occasion television explosion对比:(一) sign same see sir suck sigh sort sell sockshine shame sheet shirt shut shy short shell shock(二) Use expose seize please confuseUsual exposure seizure pleasure confusion例句:1.She is not very sure about her decision.2.She likes to go window-shopping during her leisure time.十一. /? / /? //?/ choose chain chart chief charge challenge beach reach touch research watch match kitchenquestion suggestion future nature culture/?/ jeep judge object major joke jealous giant margin digital danger change general bridge generous对比:(一) wash sheep sharp share cash shoeswatch cheap chart chair catch choose(二) vision pleasure measure garagepigeon procedure major large十二./ tr / / dr //tr/ tree true trend tragedy trick attract entrance retreat actress strange strong strike truth trade/dr/ drop drum drama address dragon draft drug dream drink children bedroom对比:(一) treat trace train true trees tripcheat chase chain chew cheese chip(二) draw drum drain dream dry children drugjaw just Jane Jim giant pigeon jug十三./ ts / / dz //ts/ lots huts boots targets debates profits graduates what’s let’s products projects threats negotiates/dz/ words thousands cards rewards kids decades concludes dad’s David’s world’s十四.爆破音/ p / pill permanent pain perform popular happenpopulation sport speak special spread expensive space/b/ (一) obey aboard husband table baby labor symbol beauty begin benefit beyond grab club job(二) climb comb thumb doubt/ t / pretty stay store standard step looked jumped hurt/ d / indeed pardon order introduce modern command mood / k / (一) king kite concern crisis kick(二)knock know knee knowledge knife/ɡ/ begin together regard argue vague dialogue十五./ j / /? / / 1//j/ yellow youngster youth yield yard lawyer beyonduse universe pure few news union tune yesterdayyawn beauty yearly/?/ thing wing king cling bang single finger stronger angle singer ringing think sink pink monkeydrink link uncle conquer/ 1/ (一) lovely loose lucky allow declare glass claim please blame slight(二) people bubble little railway pupil table titlestruggle awful arrival puzzle silver signalschedule solve legal parallel对比:(一) tongue thing along sing length wington thin alone sin lens win(二) lest loud light loyal long flight glass laterest round right royal wrong fright grass rate十六.失去爆破现象在六个爆破音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/后面紧接着另一个爆破音,或摩擦音,或破擦音时,出现失去爆破现象处理:先摆好发音姿势,稍作停顿后再发下一个辅音练习:(一)单词notebook grandpa suitcase football handbagblackboard postcard September bookcase chapterdetective effective selection first-class good-bye //advice bookshelf friendship workshop sadnessdepartment(二)短语 a good person / black people / first time / a good boy /work too hard / good things / the second job / the red light / lastmonth(三)句子I am glad to see that you have made good progress andyou don’t make the same mistake.十七.同化现象以某个音结尾的单词+同音开始的单词——只发一次即可！（一）短语bad dog / like candy / grab Bob / ripe pear / some money / more rain / fall leaves / big girls （二）句子1．She is used-to eating out.2．How long will it-take to get-to your school?3．I ate-too much.4．Let’s get-together for dinner.5．I got a good-deal on this radio.（三）特殊同化1．/ t /+/ j /=/? /It’s very nice to meet you.Don’t hurt yourself.Is that your book?2．/ d /+/ j /=/? /Would you please come in?Don’t hold your breath.Hand your book to me.Did your sister come?十八.连读现象以辅音结尾的单词+以元音开头的单词——念成辅音+元音！（一）短语in an hour / put it on / be back in a minute / for a long time / not at all / year in and year out / stand up / wait a moment / as a matter of fact / at four o’clock / a quarter of a pound of tea(二) 句子1. You can ask later.2. What time is it now?3. Keep up the good work.十九.英式英语与美式英语的差异（一）BrE 中元音发/ɑ：/的单词，在AmE中的/s , f , m , n , θ, e /前往往发/ ? /Ask chance example half path dance laughter basket demand France master aunt sample plant castle disaster palm photograph after rather(二) BrE 单词中元音发/?：/ 和/? /时，AmE中相应发成/? /和/ɑ/ 1．cause fault halt pause water door2. box god not shop hot office body watch(三)BrE中的r不发音，但AmE中的r发音mark park turn learn clear world(四) BrE中读/t/ , 但在AmE中有些发成“软/d/”matter splitting motor beauty water doctor little (五)/ j /在AmE中逐渐消失，发在/ u：/的音tube duty student new enthusiasm stupid。