Unit 4 Text A New words and Expressions1. respect: n.a particular point or detailGrace was a fine woman — perfect in almost every respect.Collocations: in this respect在这个方面in every respect 在各个方面in some respects 在有些方面in any respect 在任何方面in no respect绝不2. as regards:on the subject of; concerningCould you elaborate on your government policy as regards environmental protection?There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear.至于应该穿什么衣服, 并没有硬性规定。
3. cut off:①to cause sb. to die sooner than is normal 使夭折Disease cut Smith off in the best part of his life②to remove sth. (from sth. larger) by cutting切下He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll.③to stop, interrupt or isolate中断Several villages have been cut off by the snow.④to separate sth. by cutting it away from the main part 切断Don’t cut your fingers off!4. inquire: v.to ask for informationShe inquired of me most politely whether I wished to continueCollocationsinquire about查问；查明inquire after问候；问安inquire for查询(货物)；求见inquire into查究；调查CF: ask, demand, inquire & question这些动词均含有“问”，“询问”之意。
ask最为普通，可与demand, inquire和question换用，但ask用于口语中，指提出问题让人回答。
例如：demand指根据自己的权利、职责或身份认为有必要弄清情况而正式发问，常隐含命令对方回答的意味。
例如：inquire比较正式，指为得到真实情况而详细询问或调查了解。
例如：question指因感到可疑或为了解情况，弄清究竟而发问，有时指一连串的发问。
例如：5. part: v.to separate or divideIf we must part, I hope we can be friends.如果我们必须分手，我希望我们分了手还是朋友。
6. exclaim: v.to cry out suddenly and loudly for pain, anger, surprise, etc.He could not help exclaiming at how much his son has grown.CF: cry, shout, exclaim & scream这些动词的均有“喊”，“叫”之意。
cry一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
shout指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、不满、发命令或唤起注意等。
exclaim多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
scream指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声7. keen: adj. 1) sharp, active, sensitiveDogs have a keen sense of smell.2) intense, strong, deepAfter retirement, he had a keen sense of loss. 退休后，他有一种强烈的失落感。
3) eager, enthusiastic She was not very keen on football.CF: sharp, acute & keen 这些形容词均有“锐利的”，“敏锐的”，“机敏的”之意。
sharp指思路、视觉、听觉等方面的灵敏、敏锐。
例如：It’s very sharp of you to have answered such a question. 你真够机敏的，能回答这个问题。
acute指五官、感觉、心智等方面的敏锐、深刻，一般可与sharp换用。
例如：Rabbits have an acute sense of hearing. 兔子有敏锐的听觉。
keen和sharp, acute一样，都可表示心智、感觉等方面的敏锐。
例如：The old man has a keen sight. 这个老人目光锐利。
8. on the grounds that …:for the reason that …I had to retire on the grounds that I was ill.9. guard against:to prevent sth. from happeningIn these circumstances he must guard against pessimism.Hidden arrows are difficult to guard against. 暗箭难防。
Collocations:guard against disease 预防疾病guard against bad habits 杜绝陋习guard against suspicion避免嫌疑10. undue: adj. more than is reasonable, suitable or necessaryDon’t treat the matter with undue haste. 不要过急地处理那个问题。
11. cling: vi.to hold tightly; refuse to give upSmall children cling to their mothers.Cling to life and be scared of death. 贪生怕死。
12. suck: v. 1) take (liquid or air, etc.) into the mouth by using the lip musclesBees suck honey from flowers.Do not teach your grandmother to suck eggs. 用不着教你的祖母如何吸食鸡蛋。
不要班门弄斧。
2) to absorbPlants suck up moisture from the soil3) to pull sb. or sth. with great power and force it into or out of a particular placeHe was sucked into a life of crime.13. indifferent: adj.1) not caring about or noticing; not interested inThe explorers were indifferent to dangers of the expedition.探险家们将征途上的危险置之度外。
2) not particularly good; mediocre; fairly badan indifferent book质量较差的一本书an indifferent cook手艺平平的厨师Pattern:be indifferent to / towards14. render: vt. 1) to give, present or offerWe call on you to render assistance.Render good for evil. 以德报怨2) cause sb. or sth. To be in a particular conditionHis fatness renders him unable to touch his toe.他身体肥胖到摸不到自己的脚趾。
15. oppress: vt.1) to rule unjustly or cruellyWomen were often oppressed by men in the past.2) to cause sb. to feel worried, uncomfortableThe threat of war oppressed us all.战争的威胁使我们忧心忡忡。
16. cheat: v.1) to deceive or trick It’s immoral to cheat in a test. 考试作弊是不道德的。
2) to take sth. from (sb.) deceitfullyThey were cheated of victory. 他们的胜利之果被别人骗走了。
Pattern: cheat sb. (out) of sth.注意该词的词性变化，它的名词为：cheat 。
CF: cheat, deceive, trick & fool这些动词均含有“欺骗”之意。
cheat较为普通，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中骗人。
例如：He cheated the old woman out of her money. 他骗了老妇人的钱。
deceive指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。
例如：We were deceived into believing he could help us. 我们受骗了，还以为他会帮助我们。
trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。
例如：She tricked me into admitting responsibility. 她哄骗我承担责任。
fool指把某人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗某人。
例如：Don’t fool me again. 别又把我当傻瓜。