我国战略环境影响评价制度研究摘要：《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》的颁布实施是我国环保工作的积极成果。
其创新点在于将发展规划纳入到了我国环境影响评价制度的视野，为我国建立健全战略环境影响评价制度奠定了坚实基础。
战略环境影响评价制度有利于防止政府的发展规划和制定开发建设活动对环境产生负面影响，从而实现社会、经济及环境的可持续发展。
为此，本文对战略环境影响评价制度进行了较为深入的分析和研究。
战略环境影响评价是对可能存在潜在不良环境影响的政策、法规、规划和计划进行系统、综合的评价。
战略环境影响评价制度是将战略环境影响评价及其程序、审批、法律责任进行制度化、法律化，是我国用以防止作用重大、范围广泛而影响深远的经济活动和其他活动潜在的环境危险的一种预防性环境管理措施，也是保护人和自然环境免遭不符合环境保护要求的经济活动和其他活动的不良影响的一种保护性环境管理措施。
战略环境影响评价制度的实施是实现我国可持续发展的迫切需要，也是对项目环境影响评价缺陷的弥补，更是政府科学决策、民主决策的根本保障。
基于我国当前战略环境影响评价制度存在的规划环境影响评价制度不完善、政策和立法环境影响评价制度缺失等问题，提出我国未来战略环境影响评价制度应从以下方面改进。
首先，完善规划环境影响评价制度的内容;其次，顺应趋势、立足国情将政策和法规纳入战略环境影响的评价对象范围，建立健全政策和立法环境影响评价制度;最后，健全我国战略环境影响评价制度法律体系。
全面科学的战略环境影响评价制度将对我国社会、经济、环境产生重大影响。
关键词：战略环境评价;政策环评；立法环评ABSTRACTABSTRACT：The promulgation of the "The Law of the People's Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental Effects" on 1st` September is the positive achievement of environmental protection work. In the past, we usually just make an evaluation of environmental effects about construction projects. But now the policy is inclined to make the evaluation of all development programs. It appears to construct a system which will make a strategic evaluation of environmental effects in an overall situation. The enactment and execution of "The Law of the People's Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental Effects" helps the government to prevent harmful effects on development programs and construction activities, to promote the integrated ability of making decision of strategic importance of the environment and development, to bring about the sustainable development among the economy, society and environment. Because of its extraordinary significance, the paper will make an exhaustive study about the legal system in strategic environmental impactassessment.The Strategic Environmental Assessment is a systematic and synthesized assessment of policies, legislations ,programmes and projects which may potentially adverse environmental impacts. Strategic environmental impact assessment system means the process of institutionalization and legalization of environmental impact assessment and its application, examination and approval, legal responsibility. It is our country's preventive environmental management measure in order to prevent gross, wide range and far-reaching economic activities and other activities. What's more, it is also a protective environment management measures to protect people and the natural environment from the economic activities and other activities .The implementation of the strategic environmental impact assessment system is not only the realization of the sustainable development of our country's urgent demand and the project environmental impact assessment of defects, but also the government's guarantee of scientific decision-making democratic decision-making. However the current strategic environmental impact assessment system is not perfect, such as planning environmental impact assessment system, lack of policy and legislation system of environmental impact assessment. What our government should do is to improve the following aspects: first, improve the system of planning environmental impact evaluators. Second, set up policies and legislation system of environmental impact evaluators. Finally, improve the legal system, strategic environmental impact assessment system in China. In order to guarantee the solution of the environmental problems in economic development, strategic environmental impact assessment system of perfecting our country's existing legislation, sustainable development strategy and the coordinated development of economy, environment and society three push, so as to establish a scientific system of strategic environmental impact assessment.Key words:Strategic environmental impact assessment, policy EIA, the EIA legislation legal system1前言世界经济以传统发展方式快速发展和人口的急剧增加，环境问题必然发展成为影响人类繁衍生存的重大问题。
“尽管没有枪弹，没有硝烟，却在残杀着生灵”的环境问题，直接威胁着生态环境，威胁着人类的健康和子孙后代的生存。
社会主流对于经济增长就是社会发展这一根木性的错误以及衍伸出的“先污染后治理”环境保护的基本指导思想和“末端治理”技术和政策，是局部环境问题爆发直接原因。
“末端治理”虽会在一定程度上抑制环境问题的恶劣程度，但环境问题的多种多样和生态环境灾难问题确全面暴露，严重程度也与日俱增。
人们开始回顾历史反思灾难，尽管“末端治理”在环境管理发展过程中是一个重要的阶段，并在一定程度上减缓了生产活动对环境污染和破坏趋势。
但其不仅运行费用高，对环境问题不是彻底治理，确只是污染物的转移，更重要的是“末端治理”未涉及资源的有效利用，不能制止自然资源的浪费。
历史实践表明，“末端治理”在保护环境和消灭环境污染方面是有着局限性的，难以从根木上防止经济发展导致的环境破坏。
正是基于这种大背景下，“源头和过程控制”战略思想横空出世，从而各国开展了对战略环境影响评价制度的研究。
战略环境影响评价(SEA)是对可能存在潜在不良环境影响的政策、法规、规划和计划进行系统、综合的评价，并向决策者提供预防环境损害的措施的过程。