7. At the International Ballet Competitions, Smith won the first gold medal ever _____ to an American male dancer . ____ A. awarded B. to be award C. being awarded D. should be awarding
3) 分词短语作定语也有限制性和非选择性, 逗号 是非选择性的标志： He broke the window, making the boss angry. = …, which made the boss angry. The park, opened to the public next year, is two miles away from my house. =The park, which will be opened to the public, ... 4) 现在分词的 一般式被动语态作定语则表示正在 进行,被动关系: The car being repaired is mine. = The car which is being repaired is mine. 5) 不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示主动关系, 完成的动作: fallen leaves= leaves that have fallen arrived guests= guests who have arrived
5) 表示让步, 也可在其前加上连词even though / although / though / while: (Though) Raining heavily, it cleared up soon. meeting him. ( = Though it rained heavily, … ) (Though ) Told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the kid. ( = Though he was told of the danger, … ) 6) 表示伴随,相当于并列谓语： She sat at the table reading China Daily . ( =… and read China Daily. ) Tom stood there, surrounded by lots of kids. ( = …and was surrounded by lots of kids. )
2. 分词作定语 1) 单个的分词作定语一般要前置： boiling water = water which is boiling boiled water = water which has been boiled 小结：现在分词表示正在进行的动作; 过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 2) 分词短语作定语要后置： The man standing at the gate is our boss. (= The man who is standing at the gate is…) The house built last year is our clinic. (= The house which was built last year is …) 小结：分词作定语时可以改写成定语从句。
7) 表示方式,可位于句首、句中或句尾： Laughing and talking, they entered the hall. The hunter , followed by his wolf dog, walked in the forest. The hunter walked in the forest, followed by his wolf dog.
分 词
现在分词
V-ing (doing)
过去分词
V-ed (done)
现在分词的时态和语态
主动语态 一般式： doing
完成式：having done
被动语态
being done
一般式表示分词动作与主句动作同时发生。 having been done
完成式表示分词动作发生在主句动作之前。
过去分词只有一般式, 表示 被动关Hale Waihona Puke 、完成的动作或与主句 动作同时发生。
3) 一般不用现在分词being done 作方式或伴随 状语,而用过去分词done: Tom entered the room, followed by his child. Led by the guide, we went into the forest.
1._____ to sunlight for too much time will do C harm to one’s skin. _____ to sunlight for too much time, your skin A will be harmed. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
2) 过去分词done 与现在分词being done作原因 状语可以互换, 但用done 的较多: Written very well, the novel sells well. = Being written very well, … = As it is written very well, …
3. 分词作宾补： We heard them quarrelling in the next room. I’ll get my bike repaired. With time going on, his disease is becoming more and more serious. He went out with a book held in his hand. 注意:不及物动词的过去分词则表示主动关系： We found the car gone.
6. _____ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend ____ her. A. Warning, following B. Having warned, following ____ C. Having been warned, following D. Warned, followed
注意事项: 1）单个过去分词作定语时也可后置,以示强调。 There are six days left. Please do the exercises given. 2) 现在分词的一般式或过去分词也可表示状态 (无时间性)。 The house facing south is a shop. = The house which faces south is... Gases sent into the air by factories are harmful to health. = Gases which are sent into the air by factories are…
4. 分词作状语,主语要一致, 可改成相对应的状语 从句。 1) 表示时间, 也可在其前加while/when等连词: (When) Arriving at the airport, he saw Ann meeting him. ( = When he arrived…, … ) ( When ) Asked about his family, he made no answer. ( = When he was asked about his family, … ) 2) 表示条件, 也可在其前加if/unless等连词: (If) Finding the child, please ring me up. ( = If you find the child,…) ( If ) Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful. ( = If it is seen in the distance, … )
3) 表示原因： Being ill, he was absent from the meeting. ( = As he was ill, … ) Not knowing the way, he had to ask for help. ( As he didn’t know the way, … ) Lost in thought, he hit the tree. ( = As he was lost in thought, … ) 4) 表示(意料之中的)结果: The hunter fired, shooting one of the wolves. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
分词的否定： not + 分词
1.作表语
现 在 分 词
过 去 分 词
2.作定语 3.作宾补 4.作状语
1. 分词作表语 The result is surprising. He is surprised. 现在分词作表语： 一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人…… ” 的意思, 主语多数情况是sth. 过去分词作表语： 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数情况是sb. 比较: He was surprised at the result. (即 The result surprised him. ) He was surprising. (即He surprised sb. ) 但不及物动词的过去分词作表语，则表示主动 关系：Spring is come. My car is gone.
5. 分词作状语时注意事项: 1) 如果过去分词同时表示被动和动作完成, 可 改成现在分词的被动完成式；如果过去分词只 表示被动, 不表完成, 则不能改: Warned many times, he still does so. (表被动和完成) （= Having been warned many times, …） Badly injured, he was sent to hospital. (表被动 和状态) （= As he was badly injured, …） Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. (表被动) （= If it is seen from the top of the hill, …)