第十讲非谓语动词：现在分词过去分词一、热身训练：高考高频短语1. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to____.A．make it out B．make it off C．make it up D．make it over2. If anybody calls，tell them I'm out，and ask them to ____ their name and address．A．pass B．write C．take D．1eave3.The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ____their parents’silver wedding．A．celebrate B．memorize C．congratulate D．welcome4．Joe Jones，the eldest of the eight children，had to ____out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm．A．1eave B．drop C．fall D．go5. Words．____ me when i wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house．A．failed B．1eft C．discouraged D．disappointed6．’一He was in hospital for six months．He felt as if he was ____from the outside world．A．cut 0ut B．cut off C．cut up D．cut through7. —How about eight o'clock outside the cinema? ---That ____ me fine．A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits8. Happy birthday，Alice! So you have _____ twenty—one already!A．become B．turned C．grown D．passed9．They see you as something of a worrier，____ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them．A．settling B．discovering C．seeing D．designing--10．一How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?一I think we’d better fly there．It’s much more comfortable．A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggestGrammar:非谓语动词（2）现在分词及过去分词讲解一、形式分词是动词的一种非限定形式。
分为现在分词和过去分词。
分词具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带宾语、状语。
分词的否定形式是在分词前加not (not knowing ,not having received , not having been given )现在分词：主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done过去分词只有一种形式例如：Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to school. (现在分词完成式）The man being interviewed is a scientist.When asked such a strange question, he didn’t know howto answer .Not knowing his number, I didn’t get in touch with him (否定式)2 现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上。
在语态上，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动意思，过去分词表示被动意思。
在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。
现在分词过去分词比较: developing countries developed countriesboiling water boiled waterthe rising sun the risen sunthe falling autumn leaves the fallen autumn leaves有些过去分词只表示动作的完成，例如the risen sun the fallen autumn leaves a retired worker a escaped prisoner 有些过去分词只表示动作的被动，例如a man-made satellite guided missile (导弹)二、功能1．作表语现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，如：The news was exciting./ The situation is encouraging.She looked disappointed./ He appeared satisfied with my answer.He seemed quite delighted at the idea./ Don’t get excited.2．作定语：①单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如：touching story / skilled worker /boiled watera growing city = a city that is growing/ liberated areas = areas that have been liberated②在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door?They are problems left (= which have been left) over by history.③作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：a. 表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如：Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise.Did you see the man talking (who was talking) to the manager?b. 表示经常性的动作, 或现在(或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如：They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.④过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：Is this the book recommended by our teacher?/ The meeting held last week is very important. 注①：如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：The meeting being held is very important./ We must keep a secret of the things being discussed注②：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：The meeting to be held next week is very important.Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.⑤现在分词短语作定语时，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的：Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished)3．作状语：①现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.They stood there for an hour watching the game./ She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.注意：a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d. 大部分放在谓语之后；e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
②现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句中。
其他参考上述a-c），如：Following the guide, they started to climb./ Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost.③现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the city well.④现在分词作时间状语（相当于when 引导的从句），如：Turning around, she saw a police car driving up./ Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.注①：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。