第六讲定语从句定语从句是高考考查的热点。

在语法填空题和短文改错题中主要考查：关系代词和关系副词的正确使用；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选用等。

在语法填空题中一般都会涉及定语从句的考查，且考查形式为无提示词型填空。

在短文改错题中主要涉及：(1)关系代词与关系副词的误用；(2)“介词＋关系代词”中介词的误用或关系代词的误用；(3)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在关系代词上的误用；(4)句子成分的赘余；(5)定语从句与其他从句的混淆而产生的错误等。

考点一关系代词引导的定语从句◆(2016·北京高考单项填空)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。

◆(2015·福建高考单项填空)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.《今日中国》吸引了全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。

◆As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。

(1)whom, which, that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such, so, as或the same等修饰，且as 在从句中作宾语时不能省略。

【即时训练】——单句语法填空1．(2016·四川高考)I prefer to work in black and white, ____________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.答案：which2．(2015·江苏高考单项填空)The number of smokers，____________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.答案：as3．(2015·四川高考单项填空)The books on the desk, ____________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.答案：whose考点二关系副词引导的定语从句the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好些。

◆(福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。

◆Is this the reason why he refused our offer?这是他拒绝我们的提议的理由吗？way后的定语从句的引导词(1)当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，即way在从句中作状语时，则从句用in which或that引导，引导词也可省略。

(2)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。

若先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which/that也可省略。

【即时训练】——单句语法填空1．(2015·北京高考单项填空)Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ____________you can hear some lovely music.答案：where2．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ____________ he should be able to be independent.答案：when3．(2015·天津高考单项填空)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____________ his employees enjoy their work.答案：where考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。

◆(2015·安徽高考单项填空)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。

◆(大纲全国卷)September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。

2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示整体与部分的关系。

◆(2016·浙江高考单项填空)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。

◆(2016·江苏高考单项填空)Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。

“名词＋of which/whom”结构常可替换成“whose＋名词”。

◆(江苏高考)The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted lightgreen, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦的工作后。

定语从句的解题思路(1)首先判断是不是定语从句。

如果是定语从句就要找准先行词；选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。

及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

(2)准确判断先行词在从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状), 才能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。

如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语，选择关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose)；如果先行词在从句中作状语，选择关系副词(when, where, why)。

熟练掌握每个关系词的用法是解题的关键。

另外，还应考虑特殊情况：只用that的情况、只用which的情况、as引导的定语从句等。

【即时训练】——单句语法填空1．(天津高考) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _____________ uses it differently.答案：which2．She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of ____________ had taken more than three years.答案：which3．The children, all of ____________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.答案：whomⅠ.单句语法填空1．(2017·浙江东阳二中调研)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____________ lives were affected.答案：whose2．(2017·河北唐山一模)Then I noticed an elderly lady walking with difficulty in front of me, ____________ seemed in her 80s.答案：who3．(2017·山东济宁模拟)This means people can check out the pictures ____________ appear in the brains of animals such as insects, birds, and fish.答案：that/which4．(2017·江苏泰州一中模拟)Those who can achieve high grades in class tend to be weak inhandling some practical problems, ____________ is often the case.答案：as5．(2017·山西师大附中月考)Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason ____________ so many bees are disappearing.答案：why6．(2017·安徽黄山一模)Cultural shock is a feeling ____________ most travelers experience in a foreign country____________ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.答案：which/that where7．Some think it is convenient to get in touch with others with the cellphone, ____________ also makes them feel safe especially in time of trouble.答案：which8．The baby，____________ health was ruined after taking the medicine, was only one year old.答案：whose9．—When did you know Mr. Wang?—It was last month ____________ he was knocked down by a motorbike.答案：when10．That evening, ____________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.答案：whichⅡ.单句改错1．(2017·山西四校联考)Julie enjoyed reading when young. She grew up in a key middle school in her city, which her parents both taught Chinese.________________答案：which→where或which前加in2．(2017·四川宜宾一诊)The results of the experiment proved to be very good, that was more than we expected.________________答案：that→which3．Tibet is such a place that all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.________________答案：that→as或visiting后加it4．In our class there are 46 students, half of them wear glasses.________________答案：them→whom或half前加and5．Happiness and success often come to those whom are good at recognizing their own strengths.________________答案：whom→whoⅢ.语法填空(2017·东北三省四市教研联合体一模)The choices people make can cause cancer. Not everyone who 1.____________(use) tobacco products will get cancer, but the chance of getting certain 2.____________ (type) of cancer increases with tobacco use. The research 3.____________ (show) us that the constant misuse or overuse of alcohol may cause cancer of the mouth and throat as well recently.Sometimes cancer can be caused by radiation 4.____________ (find) in sunlight and X-rays, in addition 5.____________ other places. This doesn’t mean you should stop getting X-rays or stay indoors, but limiting your 6.____________ (expose) to radiation can reduce the chances of developing cancer. The X-rays you get at 7.____________ doctor’s or dentist’s are not enough 8.____________ (cause) cancer.And sometimes, the reason 9.____________ someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery. Some cells in the body may start to increase and change. Doctors and researchers can see it happening, 10.____________ they cannot provide a description of why it starts.【解题导语】本文介绍了癌症的成因。