环境科学与工程专业英语U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?1.句子英译中(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on shelf too long become wasted.因搁置太久而失去使用价值的原料变成废品。
(2）Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不洁部分或废酸洗液的时间不足会导致反应物利用率不高，增加废物处理费用和替代物质费用。
（3）Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadminum bath.洛克希德成功地把碱性氰化物镉水浴转变成为了酸性非氰化物镉水浴。
（4）Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要走老路。
结识合作伙伴，分享理念。
2.词组英译中Waste reduction/waste minimization 垃圾减量化/垃圾最小化；in-process 在…过程中；housekeeping家务管理；equipment modification设备改进；landfills废物填埋场；biodegradable solvents能进行生物降解的溶剂；volatile chemicals稳定的化学物质；management commitment管理委员会。
U4 Test : Environmental Analysis1.词组英译中Precision and accuracy准确度和精确度；bulk collection批量收集；matrix material基体材料（基质）；Analysis sequence分析序列；multivariate statistics多元统计；interactive effect相互影响；insofar在…范围下；Overall analytical scheme整体分析方案。
5.translate paragraph 1—4 into Chinese.Environment analysis involves the performance of chemical，physical，and biological measurements in an environmental system . This system may involve either the natural or the polluted environment，although the term “environmental analysis”is increasingly used to refer only to situations in which measurements are made of pollutants .Normally，four types of measurements are made：qualitative analysis to identify the species present；quantitative analysis to determine how much of the species is present；speciation or characterization to establish details of chemical form and the manner in which the pollutant is actually present (such as being adsorbed onto the surface of a particle)；and impact analysis in which measurements are made for the specific purpose of determining the extent to which an environmental impact is produced by the pollutants in question .The overall objective of environmental analysis is to obtain information about both natural and pollutant species present in the environment so as to make a realistic assessment of their probable behavior . In the case of pollutants，this involves assessment of their actual or potential environmental impact，which may be manifest in several ways . Thus，a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals .It may also cause contamination of resources (such as air，water，and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes . The effects of pollutants on materials，especially building materials，may be another area of concern and one which is often very visible and displeasing (for example，the defacing of ancient statues by dioxide in the atmosphere) . A further area of environmental impact involves esthetic depreciation such as reduced visibility，dirty skies，and unpleasant odors .Finally，it is important to recognize that an environmental impact may not always be discernible by normal human perception so that detection may require sophisticated chemical or physical analyses .In order to provide a meaningful description of the general field of environmental analysis，this field may be considered from three points of view：the basic concepts underlying the reasons for and choice of the analyses which are normally performed；the available technique and methodology commonly used；and the current status of capabilities in environmental analysis .环境分析包括性能的化学、物理和生物测量在一个环境系统。
这个系统可能涉及要么自然或污染环境,尽管术语“环境分析”是越来越多的使用仅仅在哪些情况下测量的污染物。
通常情况下,四种类型的测量是:定性分析确定物种的礼物;定量分析,确定有多少物种存在;物种形成或特性建立细节的化学形式和方式,在污染物实际上是现在的(如被吸附到表面的粒子);和影响分析,测量是为特定目的的确定环境影响程度产生的污染物的问题。
环境分析的总体目标是获取信息和污染物种类都是自然存在于环境,使一个现实的评估他们的可能的行为。
对于污染物,这包括评估他们的实际或潜在的环境影响,这可能是体现在几个方面。
因此,一个污染物种类可能提出一个毒理学危害植物或动物。
它也可能导致污染的资源(如空气、水和土壤),这样他们就不能用于其他目的。
污染物在材料的影响,尤其是建筑材料,可能是另一个值得关注的领域,一个通常非常明显和令人不愉快的(例如,丑化的古希腊雕像由二氧化碳在大气中)。
进一步的区域环境影响涉及审美折旧如能见度的,肮脏的天空,和不愉快的气味。
最后,重要的是要认识到,环境影响可能并不总是由正常的人类感知明显,以便检测可能需要复杂的化学或物理分析。
为了提供一个有意义的描述的一般环境分析的领域,这个领域可以考虑从三个观点:基本概念和选择的原因的分析,一般执行;可用的技术和方法学常用;和当前状态的功能在环境分析。
U8 Type and sources of air pollutants1.英译中Primary pollutant一次污染物；secondary pollutant二次污染物；air stagnation空气停滞；herbicide除草剂；nitrous oxide一氧化二氮；nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮；soot煤烟；dust灰尘；smog烟雾；ozone臭氧；pesticide杀虫剂。
2. 中译英正常浓度normal concentration；严重污染的serious pollution determining factors；液体微滴liquid droplets；光化学氧化物photochemical oxide；放射性物质radioactive substances；不完全氧化incomplete oxidation；含硫的sulfur-containing；风化wind erosion；汽车尾气automobile exhaust.3. What Is Air Pollution？Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough concentrations to harm humans，other animals，vegetation or materials . There are two major types of air pollutants .A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration . It can be a natural air component，such as carbon dioxide，that rises above its normal concentration，or something not usually found in the air，such as a lead compound emitted by cars burning leaded gasoline . A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components . Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation . The geographic location of some heavily populated cities，such as Los Angeles and Mexico City，makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution buildup .空气污染是什么?空气污染空气,通常定义为包含一个或更多的化学物质浓度足够高伤害人类,其他动物,植物或材料。