一、英汉互译1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂2. activated sludge——活性污泥3. water purification——水净化4. protozoa——原生动物5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮6. phosphate——磷酸盐7. the dew point——露点8. food additives——食品添加剂9. chemical plant——化工厂air pollutant——一次大气污染物analysis——定性分析problem——环境问题combustion ——不完全燃烧oxidants——光化学氧化剂solid——悬浮固体16.气布比——air to cloth ratio17. 一氧化碳—— carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast19. 紫外线—— ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis21. 水资源—— water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter23.地表水—— surface water 24. 引风机—— draft fan25.生物鉴定—— bioassay 26. 副产品—— by-products27. 环境容量—— environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply29.吸附—— adsorption 30. 环境污染—— environmental pollution二、英译汉1. Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continuesto be the primary objective in manyareas. However, preservation of waterresources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。
然而，目前保护水资源、保护渔区和维护娱乐水域也是关注的方面。
2. Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical,chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or landthat can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities ofhumans or other living organisms.污染：可以定义为空气、水或土壤的物理化学或生物特性发生恶化以至于对人类或生物有机体的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。
Environment can be defined as(1) the circumstanceof conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individualor community. 环境可以定义为：（1）一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件；（2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。
3.Fabric filters usually provide very high collection efficiencies,exceeding %, at pressure drops usually ranging from 4 to 6 inches ofwater. The amount of filter area required is often based o air-to-cloth ratioof to cfm of gas/ft of cloth.an布袋过滤器经常提供超过%的高捕集效率，压力降一般在4-6英寸水柱。
所需要的滤料面积通常是根据气布比为气体/ 平方英尺布来考虑的。
4.Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidiccompounds that attack metal surfaces, a problem that has been particularlyacute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.大气中的硫和氮的氧化物经反应后形成酸性化合物，这些化合物腐蚀金属表面，这个问题通讯设备、电力设施和计算机工业方面已经很严重。
三、选择题1. The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and sciencestudents to the interdisciplinary study of environmental problems:their causes,why they are of concern, and how we can control them.（ C ）A. objectiveB. bookC. environmental problemsD. students2.Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard toplants or animals. It may also cause contamination of resources(such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized other purposes.（C）A. plantsB. animalsC. resourcesD.pollutant species3. However, sewage may also contain pathogens from the excreta ofpeople with infectious diseases that can be transmitted contaminated water.（D）A. sewageB. pathogensC. peopleinfectious diseases forby D.4. In fact, knowledgeable scientists of the time accepted landirrigation and percolation into the porous underground formationsas methods of waste treatment. Although these treatment methodsmay have been intended for non-hazardous materials,they wereemployed for hazardous materials as well.（B）A. knowledgeable scientistsB.these treatmentmethodsC. non-hazardous materialsD. hazardousmaterials5.Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidiccompounds which attack metal surfaces, a problem which has beenparticularly acute for the communications, switchgear,andcomputer industries.（D）A. SulfurB. Sulfur and nitrogen oxidesC. metal surfacesD. acidic compounds四、英译汉，每小题10 分，共 30 分1. International cooperation in the field of environmental protectionshould be based on the principle of equality amongsovereign states.The developing countries have the sovereign right to use their ownnatural resources in keeping with their developmental and environmental objectives and priorities. Furthermore environmentalconsiderations should not be used as an excuse for interference inthe internal affairs of the developing countries, nor should thesebe used to introduce any forms of conditionality in aid or development financing,or to impose trade barriers affecting the export and development efforts of the developing countries.在环境保护领域的国际合作应该建立在主权国家之间的平等原则的基础上。
发展中国家有主权去利用自己国家的资源来维持发展和环境目标及其优先权。
不应该以保护环境为理由干涉发展中国家的内政，不应借此在援助或发展资金上提出任何形式的附加条件，也不应设置贸易壁垒影响发展中国家出口和发展的努力。
2. Impurities in water were classified as suspended, colloidal,ordissolved . Suspended particles are large enough to settle out or tobe filtered. Colloidal and dissolved impurities are more difficultto remove. One possibility is somehow to make these small particlesjoin together to become larger ones, which can then be treated assuspended matter. Another possibility is to convert them to a gas that escapes from the water into the atmosphere .Whatever the approach,it must be remembered that energy is required to lift water or to pump it through a filter.水中的杂质可分为悬浮的，胶体态的或溶解态的。