钟理主编环境工程专业英语课后习题Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调2 Put the following into English.农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生—regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。
(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。
(3) Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadmium bath.洛克希德（公司）成功地将碱性氰化镉溶液槽改变为酸性不含氰化镉的溶液槽。
(4) Do not try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要进行重复研究。
发展网络伙伴以分享思想。
3 Put the following into Chinese.Waste reduction/waste/minimization: 减少废物/废弃物/最小化In-process: 工程内，进程内Housekeeping: 维持管理Equipment modification landfills: 设备改造，填埋Biodegradable solvents: 可生物降解溶剂Volatile chemicals: 挥发性化学品Management commitment: 管理层的承诺Unit41.Put the following into Chinese.Precision and accuracy 精密度和准确度bulk collection 散装收集matrix material 基质analytical sequence 分析序列multivariate statistics 多元统计interactive effect 互动效应insofar adv. 在…的范围；在…情况下overall analytical scheme 整体分析方案2.Put the following into English.灵敏度sensitivity采样sampling真实时间actual time样品预处理sample pretreatment稳定性stability曲线拟和Curve fit吸附adsorption累积accumulate分析评价analysis evaluation物理分离physical Separation因次图Dimensional diagram标准方差Standard varianceUnit 5 (P.34)1 Put the following words or phrase into Chinese.primary pollutant 一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物air stagnation 空气流动停滞，大气停滞nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO)nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2)soot 煤烟dust 灰尘smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide 杀虫剂/ 农药2 Put the following into English.正常浓度normal concentration严重污染的serious polluted / heavily polluted决定因素determining factor光化学氧化物photochemical oxidant液体微滴liquid droplet放射性物质radioactive substance不完全氧化incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion含硫的sulfur-containing风化wind erosion / weathering汽车尾气automobile exhaustUnit 6 (P.40)1 Put the following into Chinese(1) The most severe sequence of CO2 induced global warning would be melting of the polarice-caps and the subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains.由CO2 所引起的全球变暖的最严重后果是极地冰帽的熔化，以及随之而来的海平面上升所引发的沿海平原的洪水。
(2) Although global warming from the already elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 has been predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed.虽然大多数气候模型已经预测大气中CO2 浓度的增加将引起全球变暖，但对于这样的气候变暖还没有实证观察过。
(3) Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunately coincide with increased industrialization and pollution.尽管这些资料表明了平均地面温度和气候的趋势，但不幸的是，恰恰遇上了这段时期内日益增强的工业化和污染。
2 Put the following into English.温室效应effect of greenhouse由二氧化碳引起的caused by CO2世界碳预算world carbon budget天气的自然波动natural fluctuations in climate全球变暖global warming厌氧的anaerobic甲烷methane臭氧层ozonosphere气候模型climatic models腐烂decayUnit 7 (P.47)3 Put the following into English.出口outlet多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone合成纤维synthetic fabric捕集效率collection efficiency机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing压力降pressure drop焚化炉incinerator气体离子gas ion捕集板collection surface碳黑carbon blackUnit 8 (P.52)1 Put the following into English.尾气off-gas可应用性applicability工业规模full-scale土壤床soil bed生物过滤器biofilter固定资本fixed capital易生物降解的easily biodegraded2 Put the following into Chinese.VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制Regulatory program 调整项目Financial support 财政支持Operating cost 操作成本Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质Biological 生物学的Technologies 技术、工艺Inorganic air pollutants 无机大气污染物Unit 10 (P.66)1 Put the following into Chinese.treatment facilities 处理设备per capita per day 每人每天municipality 市政当局, 自治市population equivalent 人口当量basement flooding 地下室浸水runoff 排水domestic sewage 生活污水type of terrain 地形种类Unit 11 (P.73)1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. unpalatable 味道差的volatile chemicals 挥发性的化学药品scale in hot pipes 热水管积垢harbor pathogens 窝藏病原体precipitate 使沉淀turbid 混浊的intermittent sources 间歇的污染源fixtures 固定设备2 According to Reading Material, put the following into English. 合成有机化合物synthetic organic compound微生物性能microbiological properties普遍接受universal acceptance食品加工food processing精馏rectification蒸发和冷凝evaporation and condensation土壤腐蚀erosion of soil过滤作用percolating/ filtration副产品byproduct脱盐desalinationUnit 12 (P.81)1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. land disposal 掩埋处置fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求assimilation capacity 同化能力practical outlets 可行的排出途径，现实出路aquatic life 水生生物detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期Unit 13 (P.89)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. flow monitoring 流量监测equipment age and reliability 装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities 机械设备microbial activity 微生物活性activated sludge 活性污泥controlling respiration 控制呼吸oxidation ditches 氧化沟on-line automation 在线自动〔监测〕2 Based on Reading Material, put the following into English.手动控制operator control/ manual control最优化minimize the effects微处理器microprocessor统计分析statistical analysis质量衡算mass balance动力学dynamics氧化还原oxidation and reduction /redox停留时间residence time模拟simulation参数parameter水解hydrolysis积分integralUnit141.Put the following into Chinese.biological degradation 生物降解;equalization basin 稳定糖; 均化池; 调节池; 均质池aeration basin 曝气池；曝气塘；通气池sludge flocs 污泥絮体setting tank 固体沉降槽；硬化槽dissolved oxygen 溶解氧biofilm 生物膜；菌膜n.suspended-growth 悬浮生长Unit181.Put the following sentences into English.(1)饮食废物的重要特点在于它具有易腐烂性，尤其在温暖天气里，会极快地腐烂。