过去分词讲与练1. 分词的定义:动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
一过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
如：(1）感到。
的，指人时常用过去分词作表语, interested, excited, interested感兴趣的, tired疲劳的, pleased高兴的, surprised吃惊的(2）表示完成的或被动的动作常用过去分词作表语, closed关闭的, lost丢失的, known著名的married已婚的, gone遗失的, worried担忧的(3) seated/dressed /broken /based固定用过去分词作表语;(4）get+过去分词作表语（get paid/changed/drunk/burnt/lost/hurt/injurieed/criticized drowned）例如：Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
He ______ _______ after reading the letter．看完信后, 他看起来担忧。
He ______ _____ ________ at the idea．听到这个想法, 他似乎相当高兴。
I ___ ____ ______ at the news．听了这消息我非常高兴。
I found a lot of moved students, who were deeply moved by the moving film.China is still a developing country while Japan is already a developed country.The astonished expression on his face suggested that he knew nothing about the matter.The seated students suddenly found all the seats were broken ones.We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。
如：The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.将划线部分转换成定语从句We drank some boiled water and went on with our work. (=which ha d boiled )He didn’t turn up at the meeting held yesterday.(=.)I found it hard to understand the English spoken by native villagers.(=.) ______________ 被污染的空气___________ 落叶过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。
可转换成相应的状语从句。
一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
表示被动或完成。
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。
如：Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。
如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.将过去分词短语转换成从句。
Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.=When I t is see n from space, the earth looks blue.Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.=If the y are ke pt in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.=, the children began to cry.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.=She walked out of the house, by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.=by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。
如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。
如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
完成下列句子With many flowers (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. They left without a dish (touch)._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____. 他昨天拔了牙。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____once a month. 我每个月理一次发。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____你应该说大声点让别人听到。
_____ . _____ _____ _____ _____ 人们发现水被污染了。
I _____ _____ _____ _____ on Sunday.我想在星期天完成工作。
He won’t _____ such _____ _____ at the meeting.他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。
五特别注意1. “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义①(请人)把某事做完。
She had her house repaired．她请人把屋子修好了。
Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发?②遭遇某种意外情况。
He had his hat blown away on his way home．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。
③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．他今年已存了1000元。
2.过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。