名词练习1. There is no ____to the street through that door.A) access B) avenue C) exposure D) edge(have) access to 1. enter 进入2. possess 拥有3.approach 接近assess 评价评估，evaluate 评价评估，estimate 预计（at a rough estimate粗略估计）asset 资产（fixed asset 固定资产）property 财产avenue 大路path 小径route 路线shortcut 捷径（cut across 超近道）edge 边缘margin 边毛利，利润verge 边（on the verge of ）exposure 暴露揭露be exposed to 暴露在……之下2. Good students who need money can usually get money for education. There are special sources of money, special education ______ from their governments, other agencies, and organizations.A) cash B) finances C) funds D) incomeCash现金finance 财政金融financial a.财政的funds 基金income 收入revenue 税收Salary/wage 薪水pension 养老金allowance 津贴补贴tuition 学费fee 费用Commission 佣金提成kickback 回扣fine 罚款bonus 奖金tip 小费capital 资本首都3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _________ .A) intention B) attempt C) purpose D) desireIntention 目的意图（intent to do）attempt 尝试Purpose 目的结果on purpose=deliberately 故意地destination 目的地destiny=fate命运Desire 渴望希望（desire to do ，desire of doing）Long for sth 渴望得到4. The teacher wrote his comments in the ________ of the student’s paper.A) margin B) bulletin C) edition D) bargainmargin 边毛利，利润bulletin 公告公示edition 版本editor 编辑bargain v.讨价还价n 物美价廉的商品5. Because there is great _______ in the quality of diamonds, stones of the same size may not cost the same price.A) similarity B) agreement C) change D) variationsimilarity n 相似be similar to 和……相似familiar 熟悉的be familiar with 对……熟悉agree with同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等agree to同意或接受某事，尤其指别人提出的某事，有时可能是自己不喜欢的事agree on主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议Variation 差异vary 变化（vary from a to b ）Variety n 多样性a variety of=various 多种多样的各种各样的6. As a result of their _________the three small independent countries felt less afraid of their powerful neighbor .A) alliance B) combination C) partnership D) unionAlliance n 联盟ally v 联盟combination n 组合combine v 组合independent 独立depend on=-rely on 依靠依赖the student union 学生会labor union 工会on strike 罢工7. The basic _______ to a happy family are love, understanding and communication.A) elements B) sections C) contents D) componentselement 元素section 部分零件contents 目录content 内容be content with=be satisfied with 对……满意contest 斗争比赛contact with 接触联系contract 合同sign a contract 签合同components 组成部分零件opponent 对手oppose vt 反对rival/competitor 对手adversary/contestant 对手/选手adverse 不利的相反的8. He has been in China for a year, studying the market to find the _______for profitable investment.A) necessity B) reality C) potential D) increasenecessity n 必要性reality 真实in fact=in reality 事实上realize vt 认识到potential n 潜力adj 可能的潜在的increase上升On the increase上升On the decrease下降On the rise （按比例）上升On the decline （按比例）下降9. The lawyer advised him to drop the ____since he stands little chance to win.A) event B) accident C) case D) affairevent 事件eventually 最终的accident 事故incident 历史事件accidentally= by chance = come across = run into 偶然的case 案子affair 事务issue 争端问题出版10. Birds do not learn to build their nests but build them by ______.A) instinct B) passion C) principle D) theoryinstinct n 本能instinctive adj 本能的instinct behavior 本能行为passion 激情passionate 激情的= enthusiasticprinciple 原则主义principal 重要的校长theory 理论（in theory 理论上in practice 实践上）11. The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural____.A) tradition B) transportation C) transmission D) transformationtradition 传统transport 运输transmit （疾病、信号）传播transform转变reform改革transfer 迁移转学transact办理执行12. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _____by the judge.A) service B) sentence C) crime D) crisisSentence 句子判决宣判Crime 犯罪criminal 罪犯guilty 有罪的illegal 非法的Sever 分开分离several 个别的单个的severe 严厉的困难的剧痛的Crisis 危机（financial crisis 金融危机）13. When she was criticized, she claimed that it was outside her______of responsibility.A) field B) limit C) extent D) rangefield 领域region 地区religion 宗教limit 限制be limited to doing 限制在……范围内extent 程度to some extent从某种程度上来说extend 延长expand 扩张膨胀expend 花费expenditure n 花费expensive 昂贵的range 范围14. Life without _______ which are artificial and false seems free for us.A) emergencies B) conditions C) conventions D) behavioremergency 紧急情况convention 条约习俗协议custom 习俗customs 海关customer 顾客artificial 人造的15. ______of manpower is the chief cause of the delay at the factory.A) Little B) Short C) Small D) ShortageLittle （否定词不可数） a Little 有一些（肯定词不可数）Few （否定词可数） a few 有一些（肯定词可数）Short 短的be short of = in short supply = shortage 短缺16. The doctor told Penny that too much ______ to the sun is bad for the skin.A) exposure B) extension C) exhibition D) expansionexposure 暴露extension 延伸伸展exhibition 展览expansion 扩张膨胀17. Eight hours’ sleep is the _____that the children should have, otherwise, they will feel ill for being lack of sleep.A) insufficiency B) minimum C) excess D) maximumSufficient 足够的insufficient 不够的efficient 高效的effective 有效的proficient = skillful = adept 熟练的minimum 最小minor 次要的minority 少数maximum 最大major 主要的majority 多数excess 超过过量（in excess of）excessive 过度的18. After ninety minutes of play, the result was a _____.A) balance B) draw C) match D) pairBalance 平衡draw （比赛的）平局取款deposit 存款定金押金match 比赛19. The tailor was asked to make a small _______ to my trousers because they were too long.A) revision B) variation C) alteration D) developmentrevision（文章的）修改校订alteration 修改（裤子等）amend 修改（法条）convert转变（思想）改变（用途）mend 改进改良variation差异20. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _____in the market.A) batteries B) bargains C) baskets D) barrelsbattery 电池barrier 障碍bargain （v）讨价还价（n）物美价廉的商品barrel 桶basket篮子basketball 篮球21. Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication _______.A) tragedy B) vacuum C) question D) barriertragedy 悲剧tragic 悲剧的comedy 喜剧comic 喜剧的vacuum 真空空白空虚empty 空的饿的无意义的blank 空白的vacant 空的空闲的barrier 障碍trade barrier 贸易壁垒22. In order to buy her house she had to obtain a ______ from the bank.A) exchange B) conditions C) loan D) proportionexchange 交换exchange rate 汇率interest rate 利率loan 贷款proportion 比例 a large proportion of = a majority of = most23. The police set a _____to catch the thieves.A) plan B) device C) trap D) trickdevice 装置设备set a trap 设下陷阱trick 把戏欺诈的treat or trick24. I’m thinking of changing my job because there are few ______of promotion in this firm.A) methods B) prospects C) occasions D) opportunitiesmethods 方法prospect 前景可能性prospective 未来的可能的prosperity 繁荣prosperous 繁荣的occasion 场合on the occasion of = on the point of doing 正当……的时候seize opportunity 抓住机会promote 晋升促进25. His answer was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it at all.A) explanation B) meaning C) sense D) interpretationmake sense of = understand 理解懂得make no sense = meaningless 无意义interpret 口译解释translate 翻译26. His colleagues and former students published his essays in _______ of his thirty years’ service with their university.A) name B) case C) honor D) hopeName after 以……命名In honor of 向……表示敬意In case of = in the event of 万一In the case of = as to = as for = with regard to = with respect to 关于至于In the hope of = in hopes of 希望colleague 同事27. It was with great delight that I read in your February _______ the letter to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson.A) issue B) printing C) fiction D) albumissue 问题争端出版printing 着色画fiction 小说album 相册late 晚迟later 后来latter 后面的latest 最新的lately 最近the latter 后者the former 前者28. He denied that there had been any _______ in the country's internal affairs.A) interference B) contribution C) document D) revengeinterfere in 干涉interfere with 妨碍contribute 贡献attribute = ascribe把……归因于distribute 分配分发hand down 一代一代传下去hand in 交上来hand out 发下去describe 描述prescribe 开药方subscribe +to 订阅subscriber 用户29. A ______to this problem is expected to be found before long.A) result B) response C) settlement D) solutionBefore long 不久以后respond 反应Long before 很早以前reaction 反应settle down 定居下来Long for sth 渴望reflect 反映30. The judge offered the criminal the ________of a fine or six months in prison.A) variety B) sentence C) direction D) alternativeVariation 差异vary 变化（vary from a to b ）Variety n 多样性a variety of=various 多种多样的各种各样的Sentence 惩罚判刑句子direction 方向alternative 两者选其一31. Before I awarded the construction job to anyone, I took ______from different companies.A) offers B) bids C) views D) draftsaward 奖励reward 报酬rewarding 值得的bidding document 标书tender 投标= make bid take bid 招标32. Over the past years, China has made great _____to creating an international environment of peace and stability for its domestic economic and social development.A) contributions B) assignment C) achievements D) exceptionassignment 作业任务appointment 预约date 约会domestic 国内的家的achieve，attain，obtain，acquire 获得，取得33. College teachers sometimes give students advice about choosing a _______.A) vacation B) profession C) career D) vocationVacation = holiday 假期V ocation = occupation 职业career 职业（生涯）Occupy 占据34. The manager lost his _______just be cause his secretary was ten minutes late.A) mood B) temper C) mind D) passionmind 思维（总称）idea，opinion （具体的）想法thought 思想（抽象）thoughtful 深思熟虑的35. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular____.A) gaps B) rate C) length D) intervalsgap 距离generation gap 代沟length long 长at rate 以……的速率width wide 宽at interval 每隔一段时间height high 高depth deep 深36. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full __________.A) capacity B) strength C) privilege D) possibilityability to do 能力right 普通权利capability of doing 能力power 官权capacity （容纳）能力privilege 特权37. After the explosion, the factory was a _____of total confusion.A) feature B) landscape C) view D) scenefacial expression 面部表情landscape 风景facial feature 面部特征scene 场景scenic风景优美的scenery自然景物38. New products are sometimes given away in small quantities called ______.A) illustrations B) tests C) proofs D) samplesillustrate （图例）说明解释 a good example to illustrate is that= for exampleproof = evidence 证据sample 样品样本simple 简单的天真的simply 简单地39. What are the _____________that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?A) marks B) appearance C) characteristics D) differencesBe different from be distinguish fromDistinguish A from B = tell A from B = differ A from B40. The _______ of this cinema is expected to double in Shanghai this year as a result of a contract signed between the two companies.A) capacity B) potential C) possession D) impactPossession (n) possess(v) 拥有take possession of 占有in possession of （人）拥有（物）in the possession of （物）被（人）拥有impact 冲击影响have an impact on sth 对……有影响have/exert an influence on…… 对……影响sign a contract 签合同41. The manager spoke highly of such ________as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristicsVirtue 品德by virtue of 由于frugal 节约的filial 孝顺的loyalty 忠诚loyal to industrious 勤劳的industry 工业42. A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial _____.A) mark B) feature C) trace D) expressiontrace 痕迹mark 记号features 特征expression表情memorable 值得纪念的，难忘的memory 记忆力remember 记得members成员43. I caught a _____of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street.A) gaze B) glimpse C) peek D) glancegaze 凝视注视glare at = stare at 盯着peek 偷看peep 偷窥glance 一瞥at the glance 乍看来……at the first sight 第一眼看到44. The ______of a disease from one person to another is possible only when it is a communicable disease.A) transmission B) sending C) passing D) deliverytransmission 传播（疾病）send （别人）送take（自己）送delivery 投递bring 带来（brought）fetch 去拿来passing 通过考试及格45. Jogging is generally agreed to be the best of exercise for the ______of heart and lung fitness.A) continuation B) staying C) maintenance D) remainingcontinual，continually 持续的（中间可以间断）= successive，successivelycontinuous，continuously 持续的（中间不可以间断）= unceasing，unceasingly46. The engine has more than 300_______, made of a number of different materials.A) institutions B) ingredients C) opponents D) componentsInstitution 机构ingredient 配料成分components 组成部分opponent 对手compose组成47. In summer, many North Americans go to Europe by boat because they expect to have a delightful _________.A) voyage B) excursion C) journey D) expeditionvoyage 水上旅行excursion短途旅行flight 空中旅行journey 旅行（总称）expedition考察48. In_____, I agree with you proposal, but I’m not sure whether it will actually work.A) theory B)fact C)effect D)reasonIn theory 理论上in practice 实践上In fact 事实上49. This is a matter of _____; it must be done immediately.A) phenomenon B) necessity C) dilemma D) prominencephenomenon 现象necessity 必要性dilemma进退两难的窘境prominence著名重要prominent杰出的= outstanding50. The doctor enjoyed both his work and his life. He had never felt any ________ between these two things.A) conflict B) confirm C) conform D) confineconflict冲突矛盾confront面对面临confirm 确认证实confine 限制conform to 遵循convert vt.转变（思想、信仰）; 改变（用途）51. They decided to leave the waiter a big _____ because the food and service had been excellent.A) note B) tip C) present D) rewardreward 报酬tip 小费excellent 优秀的52. There are many _____in our society such as churches, schools, hospitals, and prisons.A) institutions B) regions C) foundations D) religionsinstitution 机构region 地区区域religion宗教religious 宗教的foundation 基础gift，gifted + for 在……有天赋talent，talented for genious 天才53. Although crowded cities seem to be a ________of our crowded world, only 10% of the world’s people live in cities as large as Madrid or larger.A) scene B) symbol C) signal D) sitesymbol 象征signal 信号transmit signal 传播信号54. The World Bank has criticized Britain for not giving enough financial _____to developing countries.A) allowance B) aid C) loan D) provisionallowance 津贴assist 支援assistance aid 援助loan 贷款provide 提供provision 供给suppose/supposing，provide、providing 假如55. Niagara Falls are a great tourist _____, drawing millions of visitors every year.A) attention B) attraction C) appointment D) arrangementattention （心里上的）准备，注意notice （看）注意appointment 预约attraction 吸引attractive= fascinating 吸引的beauty spot = scenic spot 景点。