《数值分析》实验报告实验序号：实验五 实验名称: 分段线性插值法1、 实验目的：随着插值节点的增加，插值多项式的插值多项式的次数也增加，而对于高次的插值容易带来剧烈的震荡，带来数值的不稳定（Runge 现象）。

为了既要增加插值的节点，减小插值的区间，以便更好的逼近插值函数，又要不增加插值多项式的次数以减少误差，可采用分段线性插值。

2、 实验内容：求一个函数ϕ(x )用来近似函数f (x )，用分段线性插值的方法来求解近似函数ϕ(x )并画出近似函数图像及原函数图像。

设在区间[a,b]上，给定n+1个插值节点b x x x x a n =<<<<=...210和相应的函数值n y y y ,...,,10，求一个插值函数)(x ϕ，满足以下条件：（1）),...,2,1,0()(n j y x j j ==ϕ; （2） )(x ϕ在每一个小区间[1,+j j x x ]上是线性函数。

对于给定函数11-,2511)(2≤≤+=x x x f 。

在区间[]11-，上画出f (x )和分段线性插值函数)(x ϕ的函数图像。

1. 分段线性插值的算法思想：分段线性插值需要在每个插值节点上构造分段线性插值基函数)(x l j ，然后再作它们的线性组合。

分段线性插值基函数的特点是在对应的插值节点上函数值取 1，其它节点上函数值取0。

插值基函数如下：设在节点a ≤x0<x1<…≤b=f(xi),(i=0,1,2,…,n)求折线函数L （x ）满足：（1） L(x )∈C[a,b]（2） L(x[i]=y[i])（3） L(x)在每个小区间（x[i],x[i+1]）上是线性插值函数￠（x ）叫做区间[a,b]上对数据（x[j],y[j]）(j=0,1,2,…,n)的分段区间函数。

利用一介拉格朗日函数，直接得到线性插值函数为：L(x0)=（x-x[1]）/x[0]-x[1];(x[0]≤x ≤x[1])L(x0)=0(x[1]≤x ≤x[n])分段线性方程的表达式：￠（x ）=∑(j=0,..,n)y[j]*L[j](x);3、实验代码：// LDlg.cpp : implementation file//#include "stdafx.h"#include "L.h"#include "LDlg.h"#ifdef _DEBUG#define new DEBUG_NEW#undef THIS_FILEstatic char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;#endif///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CAboutDlg dialog used for App Aboutclass CAboutDlg : public CDialog{public:CAboutDlg();// Dialog Data//{{AFX_DATA(CAboutDlg)enum { IDD = IDD_ABOUTBOX };//}}AFX_DATA// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CAboutDlg)protected:virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support//}}AFX_VIRTUAL// Implementationprotected://{{AFX_MSG(CAboutDlg)//}}AFX_MSGDECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()};CAboutDlg::CAboutDlg() : CDialog(CAboutDlg::IDD){//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CAboutDlg)//}}AFX_DATA_INIT}void CAboutDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX){CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CAboutDlg)//}}AFX_DATA_MAP}BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CAboutDlg, CDialog)//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CAboutDlg)// No message handlers//}}AFX_MSG_MAPEND_MESSAGE_MAP()///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CLDlg dialogCLDlg::CLDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/): CDialog(CLDlg::IDD, pParent){//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CLDlg)// NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization here//}}AFX_DATA_INIT// Note that LoadIcon does not require a subsequent DestroyIcon in Win32m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);}void CLDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX){CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CLDlg)// NOTE: the ClassWizard will add DDX and DDV calls here//}}AFX_DATA_MAP}BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CLDlg, CDialog)//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CLDlg)ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND()ON_WM_PAINT()ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_LARGRI, OnLargri)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BUTTON2, OnButton2)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_HERMITE, OnHermite)//}}AFX_MSG_MAPEND_MESSAGE_MAP()///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CLDlg message handlersBOOL CLDlg::OnInitDialog(){CDialog::OnInitDialog();// Add "About..." menu item to system menu.// IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range.ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX);ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000);CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE);if (pSysMenu != NULL){CString strAboutMenu;strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX);if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty()){pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR);pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu);}}// Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically// when the application's main window is not a dialogSetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big iconSetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon// TODO: Add extra initialization herereturn TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control}void CLDlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam){if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX){CAboutDlg dlgAbout;dlgAbout.DoModal();}else{CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);}}// If you add a minimize button to your dialog, you will need the code below // to draw the icon. For MFC applications using the document/view model, // this is automatically done for you by the framework.void CLDlg::OnPaint(){if (IsIconic()){CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for paintingSendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) dc.GetSafeHdc(), 0);// Center icon in client rectangleint cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);CRect rect;GetClientRect(&rect);int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;// Draw the icondc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);}else{CDialog::OnPaint();}}// The system calls this to obtain the cursor to display while the user drags // the minimized window.HCURSOR CLDlg::OnQueryDragIcon(){return (HCURSOR) m_hIcon;}void CLDlg::OnOK(){int x00=300,y00=350,i,j;double x;CDC *pDC=GetDC();pDC->SetMapMode(MM_LOMETRIC);pDC->SetViewportOrg(x00,y00);//画坐标轴与原函数for(i=-700; i<=700; i++){pDC->SetPixel(i,0,RGB(0,0,0));pDC->SetPixel(0,i,RGB(0,0,0));}for(x=-1; x<=1; x+=0.001){double j=400.0/(1+25*x*x);pDC->SetPixel(x*500,j,RGB(255,0,0)); }pDC->TextOut(-30,-10,"0");pDC->TextOut(-30,430,"1");pDC->TextOut(490,-10,"1");pDC->TextOut(-490,-10,"-1");pDC->MoveTo(-10,680); //x箭头pDC->LineTo(0,700);pDC->MoveTo(0,700);pDC->LineTo(10,680);pDC->MoveTo(680,10); //y箭头pDC->LineTo(700,0);pDC->MoveTo(700,0);pDC->LineTo(680,-10);pDC->TextOut(-30,700,"y");pDC->TextOut(700,-10,"x");}void CLDlg::OnLargri(){int x00=300,y00=350,i,j;double x;CDC *pDC=GetDC();pDC->SetMapMode(MM_LOMETRIC);pDC->SetViewportOrg(x00,y00);//画坐标轴for(i=-700; i<=700; i++){pDC->SetPixel(i,0,RGB(0,0,0));pDC->SetPixel(0,i,RGB(0,0,0));}double yx[]={-1,-0.8,-0.6,-0.4,-0.2,0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1}; pDC->TextOut(-30,-10,"0");pDC->TextOut(-30,430,"1");pDC->TextOut(490,-10,"1");pDC->TextOut(-490,-10,"-1");pDC->MoveTo(-10,680); //x箭头pDC->LineTo(0,700);pDC->MoveTo(0,700);pDC->LineTo(10,680);pDC->MoveTo(680,10); //y箭头pDC->LineTo(700,0);pDC->MoveTo(700,0);pDC->LineTo(680,-10);pDC->TextOut(-30,700,"y");pDC->TextOut(700,-10,"x");// 拉格朗日差值的函数double yy[12],lx[12],ly[12];double l_fenzi[12],l_fenmu[12];double l_x,l_y;for(i=0; i<=10; i++)yy[i]=1.0/(1+25*yx[i]*yx[i]);}for(i=0; i<=10; i++){l_fenmu[i]=1.0;for(j=0; j<=10; j++){if(i!=j)l_fenmu[i]=l_fenmu[i]*(yx[i]-yx[j]);}}double qq,pp;for(qq=-1; qq<=1; qq+=0.0003){for(i=0; i<=10; i++){l_fenzi[i]=1.0;for(j=0; j<=10; j++){if(i!=j)l_fenzi[i]=l_fenzi[i]*(qq-yx[j]);}}pp=0;for(i=0; i<=11; i++){pp=pp+1.0/(1+25*yx[i]*yx[i])*l_fenzi[i]/l_fenmu[i];}pDC->SetPixel(qq*500,pp*390+5,RGB(132,112,225));}void CLDlg::OnButton2(){int x00=300,y00=350,i,j;double x;CDC *pDC=GetDC();pDC->SetMapMode(MM_LOMETRIC);pDC->SetViewportOrg(x00,y00);//画坐标轴与原函数for(i=-700; i<=700; i++){pDC->SetPixel(i,0,RGB(0,0,0));pDC->SetPixel(0,i,RGB(0,0,0));}double yx[]={-1,-0.8,-0.6,-0.4,-0.2,0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1}; double yy[14];for(i=0; i<=10; i++){yy[i]=1.0/(1+25*yx[i]*yx[i]);}pDC->TextOut(-30,-10,"0");pDC->TextOut(-30,430,"1");pDC->TextOut(490,-10,"1");pDC->TextOut(-490,-10,"-1");pDC->MoveTo(-10,680); //x箭头pDC->LineTo(0,700);pDC->MoveTo(0,700);pDC->LineTo(10,680);pDC->MoveTo(680,10); //y箭头pDC->LineTo(700,0);pDC->MoveTo(700,0);pDC->LineTo(680,-10);pDC->TextOut(-30,700,"y");pDC->TextOut(700,-10,"x");// 线性分段差值的图像CPen pen;CPen*oldpen;pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID,5,RGB(0,0,0));oldpen=pDC->SelectObject(&pen);for(i=0; i<10; i++){pDC->MoveTo(yx[i]*480,yy[i]*400);pDC->LineTo(yx[i+1]*480,yy[i+1]*400);}}void CLDlg::OnHermite(){int x00=300,y00=350,i,j;double x;CDC *pDC=GetDC();pDC->SetMapMode(MM_LOMETRIC);pDC->SetViewportOrg(x00,y00);//画坐标轴与原函数for(i=-700; i<=700; i++){pDC->SetPixel(i,0,RGB(0,0,0));pDC->SetPixel(0,i,RGB(0,0,0));}double yx[]={-1,-0.8,-0.6,-0.4,-0.2,0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1};double yy[12];for(i=0; i<=10; i++){yy[i]=1.0/(1+25*yx[i]*yx[i]);}pDC->TextOut(-30,-10,"0");pDC->TextOut(-30,430,"1");pDC->TextOut(490,-10,"1");pDC->TextOut(-490,-10,"-1");pDC->MoveTo(-10,680); //x箭头pDC->LineTo(0,700);pDC->MoveTo(0,700);pDC->LineTo(10,680);pDC->MoveTo(680,10); //y箭头pDC->LineTo(700,0);pDC->MoveTo(700,0);pDC->LineTo(680,-10);pDC->TextOut(-30,700,"y");pDC->TextOut(700,-10,"x");//分段三次Hermite差值的函数double x0,x1,yd1,yd0,y1,y0;for(i=0; i<10; i++){x0=yx[i],x1=yx[i+1];y0=1.0/(1+25*x0*x0);y1=1.0/(1+25*x1*x1);yd0=-(50*x0)*1.0/((1+25*x0*x0)*(1+25*x0*x0));yd1=-(50*x1)*1.0/((1+25*x1*x1)*(1+25*x1*x1)); for(double qq=x0; qq<x1; qq+=0.005){double pp= y0*(1+2*(qq-x0)/(x1-x0)) * (qq-x1)/(x0-x1) * (qq-x1)/(x0-x1)+y1*(1+2*(qq-x1)/(x0-x1)) * (qq-x0)/(x1-x0) * (qq-x0)/(x1-x0)+yd0*(qq-x0) * (qq-x1)/(x0-x1) * (qq-x1)/(x0-x1)+yd1*(qq-x1) * (qq-x0)/(x1-x0) * (qq-x0)/(x1-x0);pDC->SetPixel(qq*500,pp*400,RGB(225,185,15));}}}4.实验截图5. 实验结果分析：分析:分段线性插值的方法克服了Lagrange插值法当节点不断加密时，构造的插值多项式的次数不断升高，高次多项式虽然是连续的，但是不一定都收敛到相应的被插函数而产生Runge现象。