标志性时间状语：just, already, yet 思考:怎么使用？
试比较： I have just stopped writing. （写作动作已停止，现在我没在写作） I stopped writing yesterday. （昨天停止写作了，现在也许又开始写作了） 注：一般过去式只强调动作发生在过去，与现在没有任何联系，时常与具体 的时间状语连用，如：just now, yesterday, two years ago, in 1997
*凡表示一段时间的副词，而且这一段时间到现在还没有终止，皆可以和 现在完成时连用。
注意事项:
注：1. “for + 时间段” 可以和各种时态连用，不只用于完成时。
e.g. He worked in Shanghai for two months in 2000. （与现在无关，只陈述过去发生的事） He often stays in Shanghai for two months every year.
思，或是从过去开始并一 直持续到现在的动作或状态。换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。
现在完成时形式/构成
肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他
4. – I have watched the game. -- When _____ you _____ it?
A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did; watch D. will; watch
习题演练:
5. --Long time no see. Haven’t you graduated from college? -- Yes. I ____ business management for 4 years in Beijing.
2. Mr. Li went to New York 5 times. _________________________________
3. 我曾经在伦敦住了7年。 _________________________________
4. 这位教师已经七十多岁了。他毕生致力于教育事业。 _______________________________________________
2. It’s six months _____ I met you last time. A. when B. since C. before D. for
3. How long have you _____ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
注：表结果的现在完成时，往往不必用时间状语 表结果的现在完成时常用动词： make, become, go, come, lose, grow, sell, buy, fall
习题演练:
1. I won’t go to see the film because I _____my ticket. A. lot B. have lost
肯定句: She has read a book.
否定句: She has not(hasn’t) read a book.
一般疑问句: Has she read a book? - Yes, she has. - No, she hasn’t
特殊疑问句: How long has she read a book?
用法二:
2.从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
表继续，也就是说从过去某时开始的动作、状态，一直持续到现在。 虽然动作在过去发生，但一定要和现在有关系。
e.g. I have lived here since ten years ago. = I began to live here ten years ago. + I still lived here now. = I have lived here for ten years.
现在完成时： 是描述过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（例1，例2）， 或是从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态（例3）， 换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。
形式:
主语 + have/has + 过去分词
I, We, You + have; She, He, It + has
思维导图:
思维导图:
注意缩写形式
规则: work-worked-worked live-lived-lived study-studied-studied stop-stopped-stopped 不规则：
read-read-read think-thought-thought run-ran-run eat-ate-eaten
I have been to Japan twice.(经验) I have been to the airport to see my father off.(完成) I have been in the room for the whole morning.(继续) I have never been in America.(经验)
（指客观情况，时间状语every year 限定这句的时态为现在时。）
2. When 引导的疑问句不可以用现在完成时，when 用来询问 时间，而现在完成时不谈动作的时间。
判断正误： When have you visited Shanghai? When did you visit Shanghai?
判断正误： His friend has died for 2 years. He has left Shanghai for a long time. I have borrowed the book for one month.
用法三:
表频率或过去某时刻到现在的经验。即从过去到现在之间 曾经经历过或做过的事情。
The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时
--纪老师
定义:
基本例句： 1. He has been to the Great Wall twice. 2. Mary has just finished her homework. 3. I have worked here since 2013.
For + 时间段 How long/often
表继续的现在完成时常用的时间状语
Since + 过去某时/ So far 从句
Up to now
Today/all day/all this week
This
Always/often
week/month/year
Till now/Until now Recently/Lately
过去分词是动词的第三种形式（verb 3）
规则 不规则
work-worked-worked live-lived-lived study-studied-studied stop-stopped-stop[ed
read-read-read think-thought-thought run-ran-run eat-ate-eaten
一般疑问句
have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他 回答用Yes/No. 例：Yes, I have / No, I haven't
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
现在完成时
注意事项
主语+have/has 的缩写形式
I have=I've We have=We've They have=They've He has=He's She has=She's It has=It's
习题演练:
一、 用for, since 填空
______ a week;
______ two days; ______three o’clock;
______ yesterday afternoon; ______1997; ______last month
二、单选 1. Her grandfather______ for two month. A. has died B. has been dead C. has been died
2. Sorry, Lisa. I ______ I was in the way. A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized
3. I joined the book club last month and I ____ (read) five books already. A. read B have read
用法一:
结果 “结果”的意思为“做了……现在结果仍是”
表示过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。
I have lost my watch. 我的手表丢了。（现在我没有手表） =I lost my watch. + I don’t have a watch now. I have opened the window. 我已经打开了窗户。（窗户现在是开着的） =？
用法一:
1. 表过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
即表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
可分为两种情况: 完成 和 结果
用法一:
完成
“完成”的意思为“做完了”或“刚做完”。
表示过去开始的动作，现在结束了或说话前刚刚结束。
The event has already begun when I arrived. I have just had my breakfast. Hasn’t he done his homework yet.