研究生英语精读教程（下）答案Unit 2Exercise AI．Comprehension1．The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear．In the former case，some direct action is taken(for example，lethal injection is given．) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good，while in the latter，no direct action is taken，merely letting the patient die．2．The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory．First，it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy．But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and／or his family．3．A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately．The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made，to give him a lethal injection is the best choice．Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less．4．The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death．5．Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live．6．The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse．And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple．7．No，killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die．(An example is omitted．) 8．What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons．In a civil case of killing，however，the person acts from the motive of personal gain．That's the main difference．9．Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing，because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized．10．The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory．First，it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life．This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter．Ⅱ．V ocabulary1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D11．B 12．B 13：D 14．D 15．B16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．DⅢ．Cloze1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．CⅣ．TranslationA．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。
青春时期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适应一切事物。
年轻人酷似神仙。
虽半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷。
这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。
“一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。
”我们环顾周围这个新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们自身感到朝气蓬勃，精神焕发，紧跟时代步伐。
没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自己行将落伍，沦入老年，而最终掉进墓穴中去。
B．1．Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge；it is thinking that makes what we read ours．2．Houses should be built so as to admit plenty of light as well as of fresh air．3．There is but one safe way for every young person starting in life，whatever the business may be．4．When you write an article，be sure to set out the points of your argument carefully．5．While it seems unlikely that such a radical proposition will pass，the fact means this is an issue we will soon be facing nationally．6．So what's wrong with the argument that a dying，pain wracked patient should be able toask his or her physician for a prescription for a fatal overdose? Practically speaking，thefirst place，if pain medication is liberally and properly used，there is virtually no patientwho cannot be kept comfortable with it．Admittedly，in some cases these doses mayhave to be SO strong that they will lead to respiratory depression and hasten death．Butthe goal of such medication is to relieve pain，not bring about death．So it will be acrucial problem，if the patient dies from over dose．WritingEuthanasia Mercy KillingReasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find．People everywhere in the world are living longer，so that lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death．This has not only brought great agony to the old people and their relatives but also resulted in a lot of social problems．Those who are for “mercy killing”argue that every human being should have the right to die with dignity．Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that the right should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably i11．However，some people believe active euthanasia isa criminal act and so does aiding a suicide．They take such acts as“a case of barbarism”unworthy of our civilization．I think “mercy killing” is different from murdering both legally and morally．We do notimpose death on anyone but seek the individual's right to determine when and how to die．Anyway，people live in the world in order to enjoy themselves and make others happy．So when one's living becomes a burden to others as well as to himself，living loses its meaning．What's wrong with him if the terminally ill wants to relieve himself from its endless pain and sorrow and be more considerate of his close relatives?Exercise BI．1．surroundings 2．pledge 3．pet4．onset 5．fellow 6．paradise7．orphan 8．utensils 9．pessimist10．transportation 11．transformer 12．plague13．inclinations 14．incentive 15．fusion16．ideologyⅡ．1．will quench 2．Massage 3．wither4．were bugged 5．crooked 6．shrugged7．salute 8．to propagate 9．narrated10．be greasedⅢ．1．to wink—wink2．N3．N4．(doubt)in——of5．1egible——more legible6．(comply)on——with7．N8．(an invasion)in—of9．into—from10．for—to11．N12．In—OnIV．1．in 2．in，which 3．into，if4．on，of 5．into，of 6．what7．until 8．of，that，by 9．at，of, that10．that，for 11．of，as，of 12．in，near13．at, with 14．since，on，in 15．to，from，of16．about，which 17．if，so that 18．At，in，under19．which，to，by 20．on，that 21．of，which，in，asSupplementary Reading1．Marie and her daughter Rose were in favor of having euthanasia while Marie's doctor didn't quite approve of it．2．Because there is sophisticated machinery t0 extend a patient's life，and the real control is in the hands of a tangled bureaucracy．It cannot be decided just by the doctors and the patients．3．More and more people began to accept the idea of euthanasia．4．It is a kind of suicide manual，telling a terminally—ill patient how to end his or her life．5．No．refers to death by euthanasia．6．It is o tell others what medical treatment a patient wants or does not want when he is no longer able to express his wishes7．No．The sentence rather implies that the hospital may not end a patient's life as he wishes．8．Because he was not sure whether he was doing the right thing concerning a conflict between the two ideals—sustaining life and relieving suffering．9．It is not easy because of the complicated factors involved such as the voluntariness of the patient and the complex ethics of medical technology．10．Yes．According to him，how we die is a personal choice，which means he is in favor of euthanasia．Unit 4Key to the ExercisesExercise AI．Comprehension1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D6·A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．DⅡ·VocabularyA·1·D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D6·D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．CB·11·B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B16·C 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．AⅢ．Cloze1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C6·B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．D11·D 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．BIV．TranslationA．1969年7月20日，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为地球上第一个站在导一个世界上的人。